Table 1

Brief descriptions of the cognitive tasks used

Cognitive test	Description	Cognitive domain	Outcome	Measure
Verbal Learning Memory Test	A list of 15 nouns is read to the participant and then recalled by the participant after each learning trial (5 times, Dg1–Dg5). Then an interference list of 15 nouns is read out to and recalled by the participant. The original list is recalled immediately after the interference list (Dg6) and 20–30mins after the interference list (Dg7).	Verbal learning and memory	Immediate recall	∑ Dg1–Dg5
			Intermediate recall	Dg5–Dg6
			Long-term recall	Dg5–Dg7
Corsi block tapping test	The clinician indicated a sequence by tapping on blocks in a specific order, beginning with 2 blocks, successively adding more blocks to the sequence. In the forward condition, the participants repeat the sequence after the clinician. In the backward condition, the participants repeat the sequence, but start with the last block.	Visual-spatial short-term memory and working memory	Corsi block forward	Number of correct sequences forward
Corsi block tapping test		Visual-spatial short-term memory and working memory	Corsi block backward	Number of correct sequences backward
Trail Making Test	The participant connects a series of numbers (TMT A) or numbers and letters (TMT B) in the right order as fast as possible without lifting the pen.	Attention and executive functioning	TMT A	Seconds needed for task completion
Trail Making Test		Attention and executive functioning	TMT B
2-back task	Participants are presented with a sequence of letters and have to indicate when the current letters match the one from N-steps earlier in the sequence. The 2-back task consists of 3 different conditions with N = 0, N = 1, and N = 2.	Working memory	Reaction time difference	Mean reaction time for correct answers (in seconds)
2-back task		Working memory	Accuracy	Correctly given answers/number

TMT = Trail Making Test; VLMT = Verbal Learning Memory Test.