Other mechanisms of action
| Study | Design (n) | Age, yr* | Male, % | Protocol | Drug (dose) | TMS target | Mechanism of action | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy participants | ||||||||
| Heidegger et al. (82) | C/O (10) | 21–30 | 60 | PAS(N20)+2ms | Levetiracetam (3000 mg) | M1 | SV2A binding | Reduced LTP-like |
| Heidegger et al. (82) | C/O (10) | 21–30 | 60 | PAS(N20)+2ms | Piracetam (3600 mg) | M1 | Unknown | Reduced LTP-like |
| NF1 | ||||||||
| Mainberger et al. (91) | Parallel (11) | 28 (17–44) | 54.54 | PAS25 | Lovastatin (200 mg) single dose | M1 | HMG-CoA inhibition | No Effect |
| Mainberger et al. (91) | Parallel (11) | 28 (17–44) | 54.54 | PAS25 | Lovastatin (200 mg), 4 daily doses | M1 | HMG-CoA inhibition | Increased LTP-like |
C/O = crossover; HMG-CoA = 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A; LTP = long-term potentiation; M1 = motor cortex; NF1 = neurofibromatrosis type 1; PAS = paired associative stimulation; SV2A = synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A; TMS = transcranial magnetic stimulation.
↵* Data are expressed as a mean with a range or as a range.