This book fills a gap in the literature by introducing numerical techniques to solve problems
of fractional calculus of variations (FCV). In most cases, finding the analytic solution to such …

We consider fractional order optimal control problems in which the dynamic control system
involves integer and fractional order derivatives and the terminal time is free. Necessary …

We introduce the use of fractional calculus, ie, the use of integrals and derivatives of non‐integer
(arbitrary) order, in epidemiology. The proposed approach is illustrated with an …

Two approximations, derived from continuous expansions of R iemann– L iouville fractional
derivatives into series involving integer order derivatives, are studied. Using those series, …

Background Impulsive decision making relates to problematic substance use. Specifically,
altered delay discounting (DD) has been suggested as a behavioral marker for addiction, …

Finite differences, as a subclass of direct methods in the calculus of variations, consist in
discretizing the objective functional using appropriate approximations for derivatives that …

… Shakoor Pooseh Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications,
Department of Mathematics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal … Pooseh was also …

Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter in action control. However, influential theories of
dopamine function make conflicting predictions about the effect of boosting dopamine …

Alcohol-related cues acquire incentive salience through Pavlovian conditioning and then
can markedly affect instrumental behavior of alcohol-dependent patients to promote relapse. …

Using simple mathematical models of choice behavior, we present a Bayesian adaptive
algorithm to assess measures of impulsive and risky decision making. Practically, these …