Fig. 1 Stop-signal anticipation task (SSAT). Three horizontal lines are displayed. A bar moves in 1000 ms from the bottom line to the top. The intertrial interval is also 1000 ms. The moving bar has to be stopped at the middle colored line at 800 ms. These trials are referred to as “go trials” (A). In a subpart of the trials the moving bar will stop on its own before reaching the middle colored line (stop signal). The stop response has to be withheld in these trials, and they are therefore referred to as “stop trials” (B). The colour of the middle line indicates the stop-signal probability: green 0%, yellow 17%, amber 20%, orange 25% and red 33% (C). The task consists of 414 go trials (0%, n = 234; 17%, n = 30; 20%, n = 48, 25%, n = 54; 33%, n = 48) and 60 top trials (17%, n = 6; 20%, n = 12, 25%, n = 18; 33%, n = 24). These trials were presented in pseudo-random order. The time before the stop signal appears (i.e., stop-signal delay [SSD]) was set at 550 ms, but varies in accordance with stop performance to generate a reasonably similar number of correct and incorrect trials. When stopping was successful, SSD was increased by 25 ms, making stopping more difficult. Vice versa, SSD was decreased by 25 ms each time the participant failed to stop. The SSD was adjusted for each stop-signal probability separately. For more details on the task, see the study by Zandbelt and Vink. (10)