Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Fig. 1
Grey matter volume change following electroconvulsive therapy: statistical t map threshold at p < 0.05 after family-wise error correction with a cluster extent of 50 voxels displayed on coronal slices. The y coordinate corresponds to Montreal Neurological Institite standard space.
- Fig. 2
Total grey matter volume (Y axis in cubic millimetres) within different regions per subset pre- and post–electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the (A) caudate cluster, (B) medial temporal cluster, (C) insular clusters and (D) posterior superior temporal clusters.
- Fig. 3
Laterality index (LI) curves for different regions of interest derived from the automated anatomical labels atlas.
- Fig. 4
Correlations between grey matter volume change in the caudate cluster and change in (A) total CORE Assessment score (r = 0.63, p < 0.001), (B) noninteraction subscale score (r = 0.67, p < 0.001), (C) agitation subscale score (r = 0.35, p = 0.06) and (D) retardation subscale score (r = 0.41, p = 0.027).
Tables
Period; mean ± SD (range) Measure Pre-ECT Post-ECT Changes; mean ± SD (range) t27 p value MADRS 35.04 ± 6.88 (22–50) 9.61 ± 11.47 (0–44) 25.43 ± 11.05 (−8 to 45) 12.18 < 0.001 MMSE 23.64 ± 4.54 (12–30) 26.32 ± 3.44 (18–30) −2.68 ± 3.83 (−14 to 6) −3.70 0.001 CORE total 17.64 ± 8.17 (3–35) 4.96 ± 5.00 (0–20) 12.68 ± 8.60 (−3 to 31) 7.80 < 0.001 CORE cluster noninteraction 6.36 ± 4.06 (0–16) 1.54 ± 1.87 (0–7) 4.82 ± 4.43 (−1 to 16) 5.76 < 0.001 CORE cluster agitation 3.79 ± 3.14 (0–11) 0.89 ± 1.57 (0–7) 2.89 ± 3.02 (−1 to 9) 5.06 < 0.001 CORE cluster retardation 7.5 ± 3.73 (1–17) 2.54 ± 2.64 (0–9) 4.96 ± 3.30 (−2 to 11) 7.95 < 0.001 ECT = electroconvulsive therapy; MADRS = Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; MMSE = Mini Mental State Examination; SD = standard deviation.
MNI coordinates Location T* Z* x y z p value Cluster size Caudate nucleus 12.07 7.02 8 11 16 < 0.001 941 Medial temporal lobe 11.31 6.81 21 −9 −14 < 0.001 769 Insula (posterior superior) 9.96 6.40 38 −13 21 < 0.001 170 Insula (anterior superior) 9.28 6.17 33 9 10 < 0.001 262 Insula (inferior) 7.96 5.67 41 0 −14 0.003 72 Insula (posterior inferior) 7.55 5.49 38 −15 6 0.007 111 Post-temporal (middle) 8.63 5.93 57 −48 12 0.001 128 Post-temporal (posterior) 8.52 5.89 57 −58 13 0.001 54 Post-temporal (anterior) 8.06 5.70 66 −39 7 0.002 72 ECT = electroconvulsive therapy; MNI = Montreal Neurological Institute.
↵* Peak level.
- Table 3
Correlations between changes in clinical scales and percentage change of grey matter volume
Region; % change in grey matter volume Measure Caudate nucleus Medial temporal lobe Insula Posterior temporal region Change in MADRS r = 0.26 r = 0.19 r = 0.18 r = 0.17 p = 0.18 p = 0.31 p = 0.35 p = 0.37 Change in MMSE r = 0.45 r = 0.08 r = 0.53 r = 0.35 p = 0.014 p = 0.65 p = 0.003 p = 0.06 Change in CORE total score r = 0.63 r = 0.15 r = 0.47 r = 0.03 p < 0.001* p = 0.44 p = 0.010 p = 0.88 Change in CORE noninteraction subscale r = 0.67 r = 0.01 r = 0.48 r = 0.007 p < 0.001* p = 0.92 p = 0.009 p = 0.96 Change in CORE agitation subscale r = 0.35 r = 0.40 r = 0.29 r = 0.06 p = 0.06 p = 0.033 p = 0.12 p = 0.75 Change in CORE retardation subscale r = 0.41 r = 0.0001 r = 0.32 r = 0.01 p = 0.027 p = 0.99 p = 0.09 p = 0.95 No. of ECT sessions r = 0.18 r = 0.29 r = 0.33 r = 0.09 p = 0.35 p = 0.13 p = 0.07 p = 0.62 ECT = electroconvulsive therapy; MADRS = Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; MMSE = Mini Mental State Examination.
↵* Significant after Bonferroni correction (adjusted p = 0.001).
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