Glutamatergic deficit and schizophrenia-like negative symptoms: new evidence from ketamine-induced mismatch negativity alterations in healthy male humans

From the Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Thiebes, Leicht, Curic, Steinmann, Polomac, Andreou, Mulert); the Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland (Andreou); the Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Eichler, Zöllner); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Gallinat); and the Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Hanganu-Opatz)

From the Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Thiebes, Leicht, Curic, Steinmann, Polomac, Andreou, Mulert); the Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland (Andreou); the Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Eichler, Zöllner); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Gallinat); and the Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Hanganu-Opatz)

From the Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Thiebes, Leicht, Curic, Steinmann, Polomac, Andreou, Mulert); the Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland (Andreou); the Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Eichler, Zöllner); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Gallinat); and the Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Hanganu-Opatz)

From the Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Thiebes, Leicht, Curic, Steinmann, Polomac, Andreou, Mulert); the Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland (Andreou); the Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Eichler, Zöllner); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Gallinat); and the Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Hanganu-Opatz)

From the Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Thiebes, Leicht, Curic, Steinmann, Polomac, Andreou, Mulert); the Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland (Andreou); the Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Eichler, Zöllner); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Gallinat); and the Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Hanganu-Opatz)

From the Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Thiebes, Leicht, Curic, Steinmann, Polomac, Andreou, Mulert); the Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland (Andreou); the Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Eichler, Zöllner); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Gallinat); and the Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Hanganu-Opatz)

From the Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Thiebes, Leicht, Curic, Steinmann, Polomac, Andreou, Mulert); the Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland (Andreou); the Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Eichler, Zöllner); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Gallinat); and the Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Hanganu-Opatz)

From the Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Thiebes, Leicht, Curic, Steinmann, Polomac, Andreou, Mulert); the Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland (Andreou); the Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Eichler, Zöllner); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Gallinat); and the Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Hanganu-Opatz)

From the Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Thiebes, Leicht, Curic, Steinmann, Polomac, Andreou, Mulert); the Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland (Andreou); the Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Eichler, Zöllner); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Gallinat); and the Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Hanganu-Opatz)

From the Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Thiebes, Leicht, Curic, Steinmann, Polomac, Andreou, Mulert); the Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland (Andreou); the Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Eichler, Zöllner); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Gallinat); and the Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Hanganu-Opatz)

From the Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Thiebes, Leicht, Curic, Steinmann, Polomac, Andreou, Mulert); the Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland (Andreou); the Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Eichler, Zöllner); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Gallinat); and the Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Hanganu-Opatz)

From the Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Thiebes, Leicht, Curic, Steinmann, Polomac, Andreou, Mulert); the Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland (Andreou); the Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Eichler, Zöllner); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Gallinat); and the Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Hanganu-Opatz)