Age, yr | 70.7 (67.8–74.0) | 71.0 (68.4–74.4) | 70.1 (67.6–73.5) | 0.03 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 (n = 604) | 24.8 (22.8–27.1) | 25.8 (24.0–27.7) | 24.0 (21.6–26.4) | < 0.001 |
Cortex volume, cm3 | 358 (336–382) | 376 (353–402) | 344 (324–365) | < 0.001 |
Total brain volume, cm3 | 882 (816–958) | 925 (858–998) | 850 (788–908) | < 0.001 |
Education ≤ 5 yr | 25.7 | 23.1 | 28.1 | 0.16 |
Living alone (n = 609) | 19.7 | 6.2 | 32.0 | < 0.001 |
Smoking (n = 609) |
Never | 53.4 | 26.9 | 77.5 | < 0.001 |
Former | 38.7 | 62.1 | 17.5 | |
Current | 7.9 | 11.0 | 5.0 | |
Head injury | 10.2 | 13.5 | 7.2 | 0.01 |
Lifetime number of major depressive episodes‡ |
1 | 16.4 | 11.7 | 20.6 | < 0.001 |
≥ 2 | 10.2 | 3.8 | 16.0 | |
Current major depressive disorder‡ | 2.1 | 0.7 | 3.4 | 0.02 |
Age at first episode (n = 609) |
None | 73.6 | 84.5 | 63.6 | < 0.001 |
< 50 yr | 14.9 | 7.9 | 21.3 | |
≥ 50 yr | 11.5 | 7.6 | 15.1 | |
Antidepressant use | 5.1 | 2.4 | 7.5 | 0.004 |
Lifetime anxiety disorder‡ (n = 576) | 26.4 | 16.4 | 35.6 | < 0.001 |
Hypertension§ | 68.5 | 74.4 | 63.1 | 0.003 |
Cardiovascular ischemic pathologies¶ | 12.8 | 17.2 | 8.8 | 0.002 |
Diabetes** (n = 606) | 8.8 | 12.9 | 5.0 | < 0.001 |
Cognitive impairment†† | 13.4 | 10.7 | 15.9 | 0.06 |