Effectiveness of noninvasive brain stimulation in the treatment of anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of sham or behaviour-controlled studies

From the Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy (Vergallito, Pisoni, Punzi, Romero Lauro); the Neuromi, Milan, Italy (Vergallito, Gallucci, Pisoni, Romero Lauro); the Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (Gallucci); the Studi Cognitivi, Milan, Italy (Caselli, Ruggiero, Sassaroli); and the Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy (Caseli, Ruggiero, Sassaroli)

From the Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy (Vergallito, Pisoni, Punzi, Romero Lauro); the Neuromi, Milan, Italy (Vergallito, Gallucci, Pisoni, Romero Lauro); the Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (Gallucci); the Studi Cognitivi, Milan, Italy (Caselli, Ruggiero, Sassaroli); and the Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy (Caseli, Ruggiero, Sassaroli)

From the Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy (Vergallito, Pisoni, Punzi, Romero Lauro); the Neuromi, Milan, Italy (Vergallito, Gallucci, Pisoni, Romero Lauro); the Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (Gallucci); the Studi Cognitivi, Milan, Italy (Caselli, Ruggiero, Sassaroli); and the Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy (Caseli, Ruggiero, Sassaroli)

From the Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy (Vergallito, Pisoni, Punzi, Romero Lauro); the Neuromi, Milan, Italy (Vergallito, Gallucci, Pisoni, Romero Lauro); the Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (Gallucci); the Studi Cognitivi, Milan, Italy (Caselli, Ruggiero, Sassaroli); and the Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy (Caseli, Ruggiero, Sassaroli)

From the Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy (Vergallito, Pisoni, Punzi, Romero Lauro); the Neuromi, Milan, Italy (Vergallito, Gallucci, Pisoni, Romero Lauro); the Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (Gallucci); the Studi Cognitivi, Milan, Italy (Caselli, Ruggiero, Sassaroli); and the Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy (Caseli, Ruggiero, Sassaroli)

From the Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy (Vergallito, Pisoni, Punzi, Romero Lauro); the Neuromi, Milan, Italy (Vergallito, Gallucci, Pisoni, Romero Lauro); the Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (Gallucci); the Studi Cognitivi, Milan, Italy (Caselli, Ruggiero, Sassaroli); and the Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy (Caseli, Ruggiero, Sassaroli)

From the Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy (Vergallito, Pisoni, Punzi, Romero Lauro); the Neuromi, Milan, Italy (Vergallito, Gallucci, Pisoni, Romero Lauro); the Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (Gallucci); the Studi Cognitivi, Milan, Italy (Caselli, Ruggiero, Sassaroli); and the Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy (Caseli, Ruggiero, Sassaroli)

From the Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy (Vergallito, Pisoni, Punzi, Romero Lauro); the Neuromi, Milan, Italy (Vergallito, Gallucci, Pisoni, Romero Lauro); the Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (Gallucci); the Studi Cognitivi, Milan, Italy (Caselli, Ruggiero, Sassaroli); and the Faculty of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy (Caseli, Ruggiero, Sassaroli)