Hasslinger et al. (43) | ADHD (DSM-IV-TR or ICD-10) | RCT (no) | NF:SCP; TAU | Variable | 51; 49 | N/A | Conners-3: index, inattention, H/I (parents and teachers) | Inattention (42.57) | 102.7 | 59.4 | 12.3 (9–17) | 26.73 | Sweden |
Arnold et al. (14) | ADHD (DSM-5) | RCT (double-blind) | NF:TBR (θ/SMR); sham | 38 | 84; 58 | 14 | Conners-3 DSM5: index, inattention, H/I (parents and teachers) | Inattention (35.9 ), combined (64.1 ), H/I (0 ) | N/A | 28.9 | 8.58 (7–11) | 21.8 | U.S. |
Rajabi et al. (42)* | ADHD (DSM-5) | RCT (no) | NF:TBR + high β; wait list | 30 | 16; 16 | 12 | CTRS-R and CPRS-R: inattention, H/I (parents and teachers) | Inattention (15.65 ), combined (59.4 ), H/I (25.4 ) | 107.25 | N/A | 10.3 (6–12) | 0 | Iran |
Lim et al. (33) | ADHD (DSM-IVTR) | RCT (no) | NF:BCI; wait list | 24 | 81; 82 | 8 | 1 .ARS: inattention (clinicians and parents); 2. CGAS (clinicians) | Inattention (41.7 ), combined (58.3 ), H/I (0 ) | N/A | 0 | 8.6 (6–12) | 15.3 | Singapore |
Moreno-García et al. (37) | ADHD (90th percentile teacher ARS-IV) | RCT (no) | NF:TBR | 40 | 19 | 20 | ARS-IV: total, inattention, H/I (parents and teachers) | Inattention (50.0), combined (31.58), H/I (18.42) | 100.15 (KBIT) | 0 | 8.66 (7–14) | 23.5 | Spain |
Geladé et al. (28) | ADHD (DSM-IV-TR) | RCT (no) | NF:TBR (θ/SMR); physical activity | 30 | 33; 31 | 13 | SWAN: inattention, H/I (parents and teachers) | N/A | 99.94 | 0 | 9.68 (7–13) | 25 | Netherlands |
Minder et al. (36) | ADHD (DSM-IV) | RCT (no) | NF:SCP; CogT | N/A | 38; 39 | 8–14 | Conners-3 ADHD DSM–IV: inattention, H/I (parents and teachers) | N/A | 101.23 | 33.77 | 10.79 (8.5–16) | 35.06 | Switzerland |
Strehl et al. (40) | ADHD (DSM-IV-TR) | RCT (no) | NF:SCP; EMG-BF | 25 | 75; 69 | 16 | FBB-ADHS: total, inattention, H/I (teachers and parents) | Combined (100 %) | 105.48 (CPM) | 0 | 8.59 (7–9) | 17.36 | Germany |
Bink et al. (26) | ADHD (DSM-IV-TR) | RCT (no) | NF:TBR (θ/SMR); TAU | 37 | 59; 31 | 25 | CBCL: inattention (parents) | N/A | 100.66 | 51 | 16.14 (12–24) | 0 | Netherlands |
Christiansen et al. (27) | ADHD (DSM-IV) | RCT (no) | NF:SCP; self-management | 30 | 14; 15 | 12 | Conners-3 ADHD index (parents and teachers) | N/A | 110 | 23 | 8.42 (7–11) | 17 | Germany |
Maurizio et al. (35)* | ADHD (DSM-IV, DSM-V) | RCT (blind to rater) | NF:tonic TBR + phasic SCP (24 channel); EMG-BF | 36 | 13; 12 | 12 | CTRS and CPRS: total, inattention, H/I (parents and teachers) | Inattention (0), combined (100), H/I (0) | 114.5 (German WISC) | 8 | 10.31 (8.5–13.5) | 12 | Germany |
Steiner et al. (38) | ADHD (DSM-IV) | RCT (no) | NF:TBR (θ/SMR); control | 40 | 34; 36 | 20 | 1. Conners 3: inattention, H/I (parent and teachers); 2. Conners 3 global index (parents); 3. SKAMP (teachers) | N/A | 107.78 | 50 | 8.4 (7–10) | 31.43 | U.S. |
van Dongen-Boomsma et al. (41) | ADHD (DSM-IVTR) | RCT (double-blind) | NF:TBR (TBR + SMR); placebo-NF | 30 | 22; 19 | N/A | ARS: total, inattention, H/I (parents and teachers) | Inattention (21.95), combined (73.17), H/I (4.88) | 105.7 | 63.41 | 10.59 (8–15) | 17.07 | Netherlands |
Bakhshayesh et al. (25) | 1. Hyperkinetic disorder; 2. Attention deficit without hyperactivity (ICD-10) | RCT (single blind) | NF:TBR; EMG-BF | 30 | 18; 17 | 15 | FBB-HKS: total, inattention, H/I (parents and teachers) | Inattention (82.9) | N/A | 20 | 9.34 (6–14) | 25.7 | Germany |
Lansbergen et al. (15) | ADHD (DSM-IVTR) | RCT (double-blind) | NF:TBR (SMR/θ training); placebo-NF | 30 | 8; 6 | 20 | ARS-IV, inattention, H/I, CGI (parents) | N/A | N/A | 64.3 | 10.2 (8–15) | 7.1 | Netherlands |
Steiner et al. (39) | ADHD (by physician) | RCT (no) | NF:TBR; wait list | 23.4 | 13; 15 | 16 | CRS-R ADHD index, inattention, hyperactivity (parents and teachers) | N/A | N/A | 60 | 12.4 (11–14) | 47.8 | U.S. |
Gevensleben et al. (29)* | ADHD (DSM-IV) | RCT (no) | NF:TBR + SCP; attention skills training | 36 | 59; 35 | N/A | FBB-HKS: total, inattention, H/I (parents and teachers) | Inattention (29.8), combined (70.2), H/I (0) | 105.5 | 0 | 9.6 (8–12) | 18.1 | Germany |
Holtmann et al. (31) | ADHD (ICD-10 F90.0, F90.1, F98.8) | RCT (no) | NF:TBR; computer-aided attention training | 20 | 20; 14 | N/A | FBB-HKS: total, inattention, H/I (parents) | Inattention (58.8), H/I (35.3) | N/A | 79.4 | 10.3 (7–12) | 8.8 | Germany |
Lévesque et al. (32) | ADHD (DSM-IV) | RCT (no) | NF:TBR/SMR; control | 40 | 15; 5 | 13.5 | CPRS-R: inattention, hyperactivity (parents) | N/A | N/A | 0 | 10.2 (8–12) | 20 | Canada |
Heinrich et al. (30) | ADHD (DSM-IV) | RCT (no) | NF:SCP; wait list | 25 | 13; 9 | 3 | FBB-HKS: total (parents) | Inattention (27.27), combined (72.73) | 112.9 | 45.45 | 10.81 (7–13) | 4.5 | Germany |
Linden et al. (34) | ADHD (DSM-III-R) | RCT (no) | NF:TBR; wait list | 40 | 9; 9 | 24 | Iowa-Conners behaviour rating scale: inattention and hyperactivity (parents) | N/A | 110.1 | 0 | 9.17 (5–15) | N/A | U.S. |