@article {WuE111, author = {Lu-lu Wu and Marc N. Potenza and Nan Zhou and Hedy Kober and Xin-hui Shi and Sarah W. Yip and Jia-hua Xu and Lei Zhu and Rui Wang and Guan-qun Liu and Jin-tao Zhang}, title = {Efficacy of single-session transcranial direct current stimulation on addiction-related inhibitory control and craving: a randomized trial in males with Internet gaming disorder}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {E111--E118}, year = {2021}, doi = {10.1503/jpn.190137}, publisher = {Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience}, abstract = {Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) may reduce substance use and other addictive behaviours. However, the cognitive mechanisms that underpin such effects remain unclear. Impaired inhibitory control linked to hypoactivation of the prefrontal cortex may allow craving-related motivations to lead to compulsive addictive behaviours. However, very few studies have examined whether increasing the activation of the dlPFC via anodal tDCS could enhance inhibitory control over addiction-related distractors. The current study aimed to enrich empirical evidence related to this issue.Methods Thirty-three males with Internet gaming disorder underwent active (1.5 mA for 20 minutes) and sham tDCS 1 week apart, in randomized order. We assessed inhibitory control over gaming-related distractors and craving pre- and post-stimulation.Results Relative to sham treatment, active tDCS reduced interference from gaming-related (versus non-gaming) distractors and attenuated background craving, but did not affect cue-induced craving.Limitations This study was limited by its relatively small sample size and the fact that it lacked assessments of tDCS effects on addictive behaviour. Future tDCS studies with multiple sessions in larger samples are warranted to examine the effects on addictive behaviours of alterations in addiction-related inhibitory control.Conclusion These findings demonstrate that stimulation of the dlPFC influences inhibitory control over addiction-related cues and addiction-related motivation. This is the first empirical study to suggest that enhanced inhibitory control may be a cognitive mechanism underlying the effects of tDCS on addictions like Internet gaming disorder. Our finding of attenuated background craving replicated previous tDCS studies. Intriguingly, our finding of distinct tDCS effects on 2 forms of craving suggests that they may have disparate underlying mechanisms or differential sensitivity to tDCS.Clinical Trials No NCT03352973}, issn = {1180-4882}, URL = {https://www.jpn.ca/content/46/1/E111}, eprint = {https://www.jpn.ca/content/46/1/E111.full.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience} }