PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Joseph J. Shenker
AU  - Sarojini M. Sengupta
AU  - Ridha Joober
AU  - Ashok Malla
AU  - M. Mallar Chakravarty
AU  - Martin Lepage
TI  - Bipolar disorder risk gene <em>FOXO6</em> modulates negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a neuroimaging genetics study
AID  - 10.1503/jpn.150332
DP  - 2017 May 01
TA  - Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
PG  - 172--180
VI  - 42
IP  - 3
4099  - http://jpn.ca/content/42/3/172.short
4100  - http://jpn.ca/content/42/3/172.full
SO  - J Psychiatry Neurosci2017 May 01; 42
AB  - Background: Despite being diagnostically associated uniquely with schizophrenia, negative symptoms are also observed in bipolar disorder (BD). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered a number of shared risk genes between schizophrenia and BD. The objectives of this study were to examine whether previously identified risk genes for BD are associated with negative symptom severity within a first-episode schizophrenia (FES) cohort and to examine whether such genes influence brain morphology.Methods: Patients experiencing FES were genotyped for 21 previously identified BD risk genes; a series of univariate analyses of covariance examined the association between negative symptom severity, as measured using the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), and genotype. A subset of participants underwent a structural 1.5 T MRI T1 scan, analyzed for surface area and cortical thickness changes via the CIVET pipeline and LPBA40 atlas.Results: We included 133 patients with FES in our analysis; 61 of them underwent structural MRI. We observed a significant association between negative symptom severity and the BD risk gene FOXO6 (rs4660531). Individuals with the CC genotype presented significantly higher negative symptoms (Cohen d = 0.46, F = 5.854, p = 0.017) and significantly smaller surface area within the right middle orbitofrontal gyrus (Cohen d = 0.69, F = 7.289, p = 0.009) than carriers of allele A.Limitations: Limitations of this study include its modest sample size and lack of a control sample.Conclusion: Lacking the FOXO6 risk allele was associated with an increase in negative symptoms and surface area reduction in the right orbitofrontal gyrus — an area previously associated with negative symptoms —– suggesting that presence of the FOXO6 risk allele confers resistance against negative symptoms and associated neuroanatomical changes in individuals with FES.