RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Valproic acid inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor synthesis and release from the rat hypothalamus in vitro: evidence for the involvement of GABAergic neurotransmission JF Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience JO JPN FD Canadian Medical Association SP 459 OP 466 VO 29 IS 6 A1 Giuseppe Tringali A1 Jean Michel Aubry A1 Katiuscia Moscianese A1 Claudia Zamori A1 Mauro Vairano A1 Paolo Preziosi A1 Pierluigi Navarra A1 Giacomo Pozzoli YR 2004 UL http://jpn.ca/content/29/6/459.abstract AB Objective: Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), the major adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretagogue, acts within the brain to integrate the stress responses of the central nervous, endocrine and immune systems. The involvement of this peptide in the origin and pathophysiology of various endocrine, neurologic, inflammatory and psychiatric diseases, particularly affective disorders, has also been suggested. The antiepileptic drug valproic acid is frequently used as a mood-stabilizing agent in patients with bipolar disorders; however, its mechanism of action for the latter indication is still poorly characterized. We investigated whether valproic acid can directly modulate CRF production by using the incubation of rat hypothalamic explants as an in-vitro model. We then studied the involvement of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system as a putative mediator of the effects of valproic acid on CRF production.Methods: Rat hypothalamic explants were incubated in a 24-well plate (2 hypothalami per well) at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere (5% CO2 and 95% O2) in incubation medium, 700 μL, then were treated with medium alone (control) or test substances, namely, valproic acid, KCI, bicuculline methiodide and muscimol. Released CRF was measured by radioimmunoassay. CRF mRNA was measured by RNase protection analysis.Results: Incubation of the hypothalamic fragments with valproic acid, 100 μmol/L, resulted in a reduction of basal CRF secretion after 3 hours’ treatment. The drug was also able to inhibit KCl-stimulated CRF release. Moreover, valproic acid, 100 μmol/L, significantly decreased CRF mRNA levels after 3 hours. A specific GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline methiodide, completely reversed the inhibition of CRF gene expression and peptide release induced by valproic acid; in this paradigm, the GABAA-specific agonist muscimol inhibited both CRF gene expression and peptide release in a concentration-dependent manner.Conclusions: These results suggest that valproic acid may exert part of its therapeutic effect as a mood-stabilizing drug via the modulation of CRF secretion from the hypothalamus. This action may be mediated in part by the activation of GABAergic neurotransmission.