Demographic and clinical characteristics
| Characteristics | Healthy controls (n = 35) | MDD | F | p values | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 35) | Medicated (n = 25) | Unmedicated (n = 10) | Controls v. MDD | 3 groups* | |||
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||
| Female/male, n | 23/12 | 23/12 | 17/8 | 6/4 | — | 1.0 | 0.91 |
| Age, yr | 32.3 ± 10.0 | 34.9 ± 8.7 | 36.1 ± 7.7 | 31.9 ± 10.8 | — | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Education, yr | 15.7 ± 1.7 | 15.4 ± 1.8 | 15.7 ± 1.5 | 14.6 ± 2.2 | — | 0.55 | 0.19 |
| Intracranial volume, cm3 | 1599 ± 172 | 1561 ± 154 | 1537 ± 156 | 1622 ± 141 | — | 0.33 | 0.24 |
| MDD clinical characteristics | |||||||
| HAM-D score | — | — | 17.0 ± 8.4 | 20.0 ± 2.6 | 3.04 | 0.09† | |
| Duration of MDD, yr | — | — | 4.6 ± 3.7 | 4.5 ± 4.7 | 0.004 | 0.95 | |
| Recurrent/nonrecurrent, n | — | — | 20/5 | 7/3 | NA | 0.66‡ | |
| Major depressive episode, n | — | — | 2.5 ± 1.1 | 2.3 ± 1.1 | 0.30 | 0.59 | |
HAM-D = Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; MDD = major depressive disorder; NA = not applicable.
Values are mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated.
↵* Three-group comparison between healthy controls, medicated MDD and unmedicated MDD.
↵† Adjusted for Welch’s F-test because of violation of the homogeneity of variance.
↵‡ Adjusted for Fisher’s exact test because of violation of Pearson’s χ2 assumption.