Baseline characteristics of participants according to depression status* and history of major depression (n = 1007)
| Characteristics, n (%)† | No current depression (n = 751) | Current depression and history of major depression (n = 95) | Current depression and no history of major depression (n = 161) | Global p value‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr (mean ± SD) | 71.41 ± 4.39 | 71.85 ± 4.42 | 72.04 ± 4.51 | 0.24¶ |
| Female | 414 (55.13) | 76 (80.00) | 112 (69.57) | < 0.001¶ |
| Education ≥ 12 yr | 231 (30.76) | 20 (21.05) | 24 (14.91) | 0.002 |
| Body mass index | ||||
| Normal (< 25 kg/m2) | 427 (56.86) | 54 (56.84) | 88 (54.66) | |
| Overweight (25–29 kg/m2) | 275 (36.62) | 30 (31.58) | 59 (36.65) | |
| Obese (≥ 30 kg/m2) | 49 (6.52) | 11 (11.58) | 14 (8.70) | 0.37 |
| Diabetes (fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or treated) | 51 (6.84) | 4 (4.21) | 11 (6.83) | 0.76 |
| Cardiovascular ischemic pathology§ | 78 (10.39) | 9 (9.47) | 18 (11.18) | 0.79 |
| Hypertension (> 95/160 mm Hg or treated) | 335 (44.61) | 41 (43.16) | 71 (44.10) | 0.97 |
| Cognitive impairment (MMSE score < 26) | 62 (8.26) | 15 (15.79) | 25 (15.53) | 0.017 |
| Antidepressant use | 15 (2.00) | 15 (15.79) | 13 (8.07) | < 0.001 |
| Current anxiety disorder | 70 (9.32) | 34 (35.79) | 29 (18.01) | < 0.001 |
CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; SD = standard deviation.
↵* Current major depression or a CES-D score ≥ 16.
↵† Unless otherwise specified.
↵‡ Calculated from multinominal logistic regression adjusted for age (continuous) and sex
↵§ History of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular surgery or arteritis.
↵¶ Calculated from multinominal logistic regression adjusted for sex or age (continuous).