Univariate association of family and environmental background factors, measured at the age of 14 years, with likelihood of regular smoking in adulthood among subjects with schizophrenia from the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort
| Family and environmental background factor | No. (and %) of smokers | No. (and %) of nonsmokers | OR (and 95% CI) | p value¶ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 22 (69) | 18 (51) | 2.1 (0.8–5.6) | 0.15 |
| One-parent family* | 10 (31) | 7 (20) | 1.8 (0.6–5.5) | 0.29 |
| Father’s socioeconomic status lowest (III–IV)† | 19 (59) | 17 (49) | 1.3 (0.5–3.9) | 0.59 |
| Father’s socioeconomic status, farmer | 3 (9) | 6 (17) | 0.6 (0.1–3.0) | 0.54 |
| School performance, not in age-appropriate class‡ | 7 (22) | 4 (11) | 2.2 (0.6–8.3) | 0.26 |
| Own alcohol use at experimental level§ | 16 (59) | 20 (69) | 0.7 (0.2–2.0) | 0.45 |
| Father smoking in home environment | 14 (50) | 6 (22) | 3.5 (1.9–11.3) | 0.035 |
Note: CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.
↵* One-parent families v. 2-parent families between 1966 and 1980.
↵† Socioeconomic status in 1980 (I–II [highest social standing/professional status] v. III–IV [skilled and unskilled workers, respectively] v. V = farmers).
↵‡ School performance at the age of 14 years categorized into 2 classes: not in age-appropriate class v. in age-appropriate class.
↵§ Information based on a questionnaire mailed to cohort members at the age of 14 years.
↵¶ χ2 test.