Table 3

Summary of group differences in cortical volume and cerebral grey matter

			Parameter statistics^*						Covariate statistics^*
			NTC v. PTSD		NTC v. TC		TC v. PTSD		Age		ICV		Hemisphere
Imaging; brain region	F_2,44	p value	t₄₄	p value	t₄₄	p value	t₄₄	p value	F_1,44	p value	F_1,44	p value	F_1,48	p value
Parcellation
Bilateral isthmus of the cingulate	3.98	0.025	−2.59	0.013	−2.48	0.017	−0.04	0.97	14.66	< 0.001	41.65	< 0.001	1.12	0.30
Bilateral lateral orbitofrontal cortex	2.38	0.10	−1.49	0.14	−2.17	0.035	0.84	0.41	9.02	0.004	13.57	< 0.001	123.95	< 0.001
Left rostral middle frontal cortex	4.12	0.022	−2.68	0.010	−0.84	0.40	−2.03	0.048	8.33	0.006	6.82	0.012	—
Right inferior parietal cortex	4.57	0.016	−3.02	0.004	−1.90	0.06	−1.20	0.24	4.92	0.031	28.22	< 0.001	—
VBM grey matter volumes (extracted with MarsBaR)													—
Left isthmus of the cingulate	5.45	0.008	−3.26	0.002	−2.41	0.020	−0.87	0.39	3.69	0.06	16.46	< 0.001	—
Right inferior parietal cortex	6.69	0.003	−3.65	< 0.001	−2.03	0.049	−1.75	0.09	12.93	< 0.001	9.62	0.003	—
Left rostral anterior cingulate cortex	4.75	0.013	−3.03	0.004	−2.30	0.026	−0.75	0.46	7.34	0.010	10.59	0.002	—
Right rostral anterior cingulate cortex	6.01	0.005	−3.24	0.002	−2.96	0.005	−0.22	0.83	3.29	0.08	12.20	0.001	—

ICV = intracranial volume; NTC = nontraumatized control group; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; TC = traumatized control group; VBM = voxel-based morphometry.
↵* All tests were 2-tailed, with p < 0.001 indicating a significant group difference.