Results of studies examining scanpath behaviour in individuals with schizophrenia
| Variable of interest* | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | No. of fixations | Mean duration of fixations | No. of saccades | Avg. saccade amplitude | Scanpath length | Region of interest |
| Benson et al. (36) | SC < controls | SC > controls | SC < controls | SC = controls | NR | NR |
| Bestelmeyer et al. (37) | SC < controls | SC > controls | NR | SC < controls | NR | Atypical |
| De Wilde et al. (60) | SC = controls | SC = controls | NR | NR | SC < controls | Atypical for detailed cards |
| Gaebel et al. (83) | SC = controls | SC = controls | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Green et al. (39) | Context-free: SC < controls (NS) Context-embedded: SC = controls | Context-free: SC = controls Context-embedded: SC > controls | Context-free: SC < controls Context-embedded: SC = controls | NR | NR | Atypical |
| Green et al. (38) | SC < controls | SC = controls | NR | SC = controls | Fixation: SC < controls (NS) Raw: SC = controls | % No. of fixations to features: SC = controls % Fixation duration to features: SC < controls |
| Hori et al. (40) | SC < controls | SC > controls | NR | SC < controls | SC < controls | Atypical |
| Kojima et al. (49) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Kojima et al. (46) | SC < controls | NR | NR | SC < controls | NR | NR |
| Kojima et al. (47) | SC < controls | NR | NR | Chronic SC < controls | NR | NR |
| Kojima et al. (45) | SC < controls | NR | NR | SC < controls | NR | NR |
| Kojima et al. (48) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Kurachi et al. (84) | 1st 10 s: SC = controls 2nd 10 s: SC < controls | NR | NR | NR | 1st 10 s: SC = controls 2nd 10 s: SC < controls | NR |
| Leonards et al. (61) | NR | SC > controls | SC < controls | SC < controls | NR | Atypical |
| Loughland et al. (51) | SC < controls | SC > controls | NR | SC < controls | Raw: SC < controls Fixation: SC < controls | Atypical |
| Loughland et al. (52) | NR | SC > controls | NR | SC < controls | Raw: SC < controls Fixation: SC < controls | Atypical for happy and neutral but not sad faces |
| Loughland et al. (62) | SC < controls | Face recognition: SC < controls Affect recognition: SC > controls | NR | SC < controls | Fixation: SC < controls Raw: SC < controls | Atypical |
| Manor et al. (53) | Face: SC < controls (NS) Rey: SC = controls | SC = controls | NR | NR | Face: SC < controls Rey: SC = controls | NR |
| Matsukawa et al. (63) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Matsushima et al. (54) | SC < controls | NR | NR | SC < controls | SC < controls | NR |
| Matsushima et al. (85) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Mikami et al. (55) | SC < controls | NR | NR | NR | SC < controls | NR |
| Minassian et al. (56) | NR | SC > controls | NR | SC = controls | SC < controls | NR |
| Moriya et al. (64) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Atypical |
| Nishiura et al. (57) | Smiling face: SC < controls Circles: SC < controls Crying face: SC = controls | NR | NR | NR | Smiling face: SC < controls Circles: SC < controls Crying face: SC = controls | NR |
| Obayashi et al. (42) | SC < controls | NR | NR | SC < controls | SC < controls | Atypical |
| Obayashi et al. (41) | SC < controls | NR | NR | T1: SC < controls | NR | NR |
| Philips and David (86) | Deluded SC < controls | NR | NR | NR | NR | Atypical for deluded SC but not nondeluded SC |
| Phillips and David (50) | SC < controls | NR | NR | NR | NR | Atypical |
| Phillips and David (87) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Atypical |
| Phillips and David (88) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Atypical |
| Phillips and David (89) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Atypical |
| Philips and David (65) | Deluded SC < controls Nondeluded SC = controls | Deluded SC > controls Nondeluded SC = controls | NR | NR | NR | Atypical for deluded SC but not nondeluded SC |
| Philips and David (90) | SC = controls | SC = controls | NR | NR | NR | (T1) Single faces: atypical in deluded SC but not nondeluded SC Face pairs: atypical in deluded SC and nondeluded SC (T2) normal |
| Phillips et al. (66) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Atypical in SC with persecutory delusions |
| Quirk and Strauss (92) | NR | SC > controls (NS) | NR | NR | SC = controls | Atypical for affective but not neutral images |
| Ryu et al. (59) | SC < controls | SC > controls | NR | SC < controls | SC < controls | Atypical |
| Schwartz et al. (93) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Streit et al. (94) | NR | SC < controls (NS) | NR | SC < controls | NR | Atypical |
| Takahashi et al. (44) | SC < controls | NR | NR | NR | NR | Atypical |
| Tsunoda et al. (73) | SC < controls | SC > controls | NR | SC < controls | NR | NR |
| Williams et al. (68) | SC < controls | SC > controls | NR | SC < controls | SC < controls | Faces: atypical Degraded: normal |
| Williams et al. (67) | SC < controls | SC = controls | NR | NR | SC < controls (risperidone-treated, but not haloperidol-treated, SC patients) | Atypical in haloperidol-treated SC patients, but not risperidone-treated SC patients (happy and neutral but not sad faces) |
| Xia et al. (69) | SC < controls | NR | NR | SC = controls | SC < controls | NR |
Fixation = scanpath length as measured by total distance fixation points; NR = not reported; NS = nonsignificant trend; Raw = true scanpath length; Rey = Rey complex figure; SC = schizophrenia; T1 = first test session; T2 = second test session.
↵* Patterns of attentional assignment to regions of interest. Only results of comparisons with healthy, nonclinical and nonrelative groups are reported. Results do not differ between tasks or stimuli unless otherwise stated.