Demographic and clinical characteristics for all study participants
| Group; mean (SD)* | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Chronic schizophrenia, n = 15 | First-episode schizophrenia, n = 15 | Healthy controls, n = 15 |
| Age, yr | 24.3 (6.4) | 24.3 (6.4) | 24.2 (6.2) |
| Education, yr | 12.7 (2.5) | 12.1 (2.8) | 12.7 (3.2) |
| Sex, male:female | 10:5 | 10:5 | 10:5 |
| Handedness, left:right | 0:15 | 0:15 | 0:15 |
| Age of onset, yr | 20.5 (6.7) | 23.3 (6.5) | |
| Duration of illness, mo† | 45.4 (19.5) | 8.3 (5.3) | |
| PANSS score | |||
| Total | 88.5 (27.2) | 81.1 (25.1) | |
| Positive subscale | 19.7 (7.6) | 18.3 (5.8) | |
| Negative subscale | 19.1 (6.3) | 18.1 (6.1) | |
| Antipsychotic equivalent dosage of CPZ, mg | 544 (323) | 657 (444) | |
| GAS score† | 59.1 (16.3) | 70.3 (12.7) | |