Characteristics of the study population (n = 2058)
| Characteristic | Mean ± SD, median [IQR] or no. (%) |
|---|---|
| General characteristics | |
| Age, yr | 79.6 ± 4.6 |
| Female sex | 1214 (59.0) |
| Smoking status | |
| Nonsmoker | 897 (43.6) |
| Former | 983 (47.8) |
| Current | 177 (8.6) |
| Education | |
| Primary or less | 398 (18.9) |
| Secondary | 1084 (52.7) |
| College/university | 584 (28.4) |
| Digit Symbol Substitution Test score | 30 ± 10 |
| Body mass index | 26.5 ± 3.9 |
| Diabetes | 239 (11.6) |
| Stroke | 169 (8.2) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 145 ± 21 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 70 ± 11 |
| Use of antihypertensive medication | 1473 (71.6) |
| Brain MRI measures | |
| White matter hyperintensity volume, mL | 15 [8–28] |
| Subcortical infarcts | 202 (9.8) |
| Virchow–Robin spaces | 364 (17.7) |
| Cerebral microbleeds | 603 (29.3) |
| Total brain parenchyma volume, mL | 1067 ± 99 |
IQR = interquartile range; SD = standard deviation.