Study | Diagnostic status | Disorder state | n | Female sex, % | Mean age, yr | Main results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Petty et al.39 | Unipolar and bipolar | Current MDE | 29 | NA | NA | Diminished GABA in unipolar disorder, no change in bipolar disorder |
Petty et al.40 | Unipolar | Current MDE | 16 | NA | NA | Diminished GABA |
Petty et al.41 | Unipolar and bipolar | Current MDE | 113 | NA | NA | Diminished GABA |
Petty et al.42 | Unipolar | Current MDE | 77 | 0 | 44.7 | Diminished GABA |
Petty et al.43 | Bipolar | Current MDE | 33 | NA | 41.2 | Diminished GABA |
Paige et al.38 | Older adults with unipolar MDE | Current MDE | 9 | 44 | 67.4 | Diminished GABA |
Lu et. al36 | Melancholic unipolar MDE | Current MDE | 27 | 48 | NA | Diminished GABA |
Berrettini et al.51 | Bipolar | Euthymic | 10 | NA | 35 | Diminished GABA |
Berrettini et al.52 | Bipolar | Euthymic | 49 | 44 | 35–39 | Diminished GABA in bipolar patients without lithium |
Palmio et al.49 | Unipolar | Before/after treatment | 10 | 70 | 56 | No GABA level change after ECT |
ECT = electroconvulsive therapy; GABA = γ-aminobutyric acid; MDE = major depressive episode; NA = not available.