Task and group comparisons of affected, high-risk and low-risk monozygotic twins in volume-of-interest and whole-brain analysis: statistically significant main effects*
| Region | Brodmann area | Right/left | MNI coordinates,†x, y, z | Voxels | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main effect across participants to emotional faces > baseline | |||||
| Medial prefrontal cortex volume of interest | |||||
| Superior frontal gyrus | 6 | Left | −6, 10, 44 | 878 | 0.0002 |
| Emotional face processing network volume of interest | |||||
| Superior frontal gyrus | 11 | Right | 22, 42, −18 | 34 | 0.037 |
| Middle frontal gyrus | 45 | Right | 42, 26, 18 | 1864 | 0.0002 |
| Insula | 13 | Right | 32, 24, 4 | 81 | 0.02 |
| Cingulate gyrus | 32 | Left | −6, 12, 44 | 797 | 0.0002 |
| Middle frontal gyrus | 6 | Left | −40, 4, 24 | 1685 | 0.0002 |
| Fusiform gyrus | 37 | Right | 44, −44, −28 | 1146 | 0.0002 |
| Fusiform gyrus | 37 | Left | −38, −44, −28 | 1040 | 0.0002 |
| Whole brain | |||||
| Insula | 13 | Right | 32, 24, 4 | 277 | 0.020 |
| Middle frontal gyrus | 44 | Right | 46, 8, 22 | 3209 | 0.001 |
| Middle frontal gyrus | 6 | Right | 38, 8, 64 | — | — |
| Brain stem | NA | Right | 10, −64, −48 | 75865 | 0.0002 |
| Cingulate gyrus | 32 | Right | 8, 20, 36 | — | — |
| Middle frontal gyrus | 44 | Left | −34, 4, 22 | — | — |
| Cingulate gyrus | 24 | Left | −4, 2, 46 | — | — |
| Sulcus cinguli | 24 | Left | −26, −8, 42 | — | — |
| Brain stem | NA | Right | 4, −20, −20 | — | — |
| Transverse temporal gyri | 41 | Left | −48, −24, 16 | — | — |
| High-risk twins > affected twins to emotional faces > baseline | |||||
| Medial prefrontal cortex volume of interest | |||||
| Medial frontal gyrus | 8 | Right | 8, 42, 26 | 202 | 0.027 |
| Superior frontal gyrus | 10 | Right | 10, 54, 4 | 72 | 0.039 |
FWE = family-wise error; MNI = Montreal Neurological Institute.
↵* Significant findings for main effects of task and group × task interactions are presented by cluster size and peak cluster localization, with corresponding peak p values. Results are derived from permutation methods that allowed us to model the dependence structure of twin pairs. To define clusters, we used the threshold-free cluster enhancement method, and found significant results by thresholding FWE-corrected images at pFWE = 0.05. Results from the 2 volumes of interest used as small-volume correction and across the whole brain are presented.
↵† MNI coordinates refer to local maxima within cluster.