Table 3

Means and standard errors for cerebrospinal fluid–corrected metabolite concentrations by region, diagnostic group and time point, adjusted for sex and age

Region	Patients, time point; mean ± SE			Controls, time point; mean ± SE

	T1	T2	T3	C1	C2
Dorsal ACC
NAA	5.472 ± 0.111^†^‡	5.382 ± 0.103^†^‡	5.086 ± 0.059^†^‡	5.447 ± 0.091^‡	5.466 ± 0.082^‡
Glx	9.851 ± 0.174^‡	9.867 ± 0.203^‡	10.131 ± 0.149^‡	9.856± 0.208^‡	9.793 ± 0.171^‡
Cre	4.645 ± 0.088^†^‡	4.535 ± 0.090^†^‡	4.803 ± 0.077^†^‡	4.473 ± 0.070^‡	4.455 ± 0.077^‡
Cho	1.164 ± 0.035^‡	1.190 ± 0.040^‡	1.196 ± 0.035^‡	1.183 ± 0.036^‡	1.157 ± 0.032^‡
Left hippocampus
NAA	4.734 ± 0.083^*^‡	4.905 ± 0.119	4.765 ± 0.089	5.118 ± 0.110^*^‡	5.107 ± 0.120^‡
Glx	8.056 ± 0.174^*^†^‡	7.488 ± 0.193^†^‡	7.311 ± 0.281^†^‡	7.377 ± 0.253^*^‡	7.052 ± 0.305^‡
Cre	4.657 ± 0.076^‡	4.662 ± 0.077^‡	4.717 ± 0.079^‡	4.716 ± 0.079^‡	4.653 ± 0.069^‡
Cho	1.443 ± 0.028^‡	1.477 ± 0.036^‡	1.440 ± 0.030^‡	1.469 ± 0.031^‡	1.454 ± 0.029^‡
Right hippocampus
NAA	4.635 ± 0.084^†^‡	4.680 ± 0.091^†^‡	4.406 ± 0.063^†^‡	4.664 ± 0.096^‡	4.548 ± 0.107^‡
Glx	7.615 ± 0.339^‡	7.188 ± 0.260^‡	7.563 ± 0.227^‡	7.282 ± 0.310^‡	6.954 ± 0.277^‡
Cre	4.485 ± 0.103^‡	4.489 ± 0.101^‡	4.838 ± 0.099^‡	4.484 ± 0.105^‡	4.511 ± 0.136^‡
Cho	1.382 ± 0.027^‡	1.406 ± 0.025^‡	1.368 ± 0.026^‡	1.355 ± 0.047^‡	1.324 0.032^‡
Subgenual ACC
NAA	5.025 ± 0.115^‡	4.937 ± 0.113^‡	5.144 ± 0.142^‡	5.053 ± 0.155^‡	5.166 ± 0.075^‡
Glx	9.362 ± 0.255^*^†^‡	9.511 ± 0.277^‡	10.471 ± 0.384^†^‡	10.454 ± 0.245^*^‡	10.266 ± 0.318^‡
Cre	4.485 ± 0.103^†^‡	4.489 ± 0.101^†^‡	4.838 ± 0.099^†^‡	4.484 ± 0.105^‡	4.511 ± 0.136^‡
Cho	1.173 ± 0.032^‡	1.136 ± 0.036^‡	1.234 ± 0.046^‡	1.216 ± 0.043^‡	1.266 ± 0.045^‡

ACC = anterior cingulate cortex; C1 = control baseline; C2 = control follow-up; Cre = creatine; Cho = choline; ECT = electroconvulsive therapy; Glx = glutamate/glutamine; NAA = N-acetylaspartate; SE = standard error; T1 = patient baseline; T2 = after the second session of ECT; T3 = after the ECT index series.
↵* Significant effect between controls and patients at baseline.
↵† Significant main effect of ECT treatment.
↵‡ Corrected for age and sex.