Summary of included studies
| Study (year) | Intervention | Lesion location | Disorder | Number of participants | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rauch et al. (39) (2001) | RF | Cingulate | OCD | 11 | Positive correlation between right posterior cingulate hypermetabolism with clinical response, measured with Y-BOCS (p < 0.01, uncorrected) |
| Dougherty et al. (40) (2003) | RF | Cingulate | MDD | 13 | Positive correlation between left subgenual cingulate and left posterior thalamus hypermetabolism with clinical response, measured with BDI (p < 0.001, uncorrected) |
| Van Laere et al. (41) (2006) | DBS | ALIC | OCD | 6 (20 matched healthy controls) | Improvement in Y-BOCS score correlated with higher preoperative metabolism of the subcallosal cingulate cortex |
| Suetens et al. (42) (2014) | DBS | ALIC | OCD | 16 | Improvement in Y-BOCS score correlated with pregenual and dorsal anterior cingulate hypermetabolism, but only with relaxation to p < 0.01 and pFDR < 0.05, and not regressing out age and sex as nuisance variables |
| Banks et al. (43) (2015) | RF | Cingulate | OCD | 15 | Right dACC larger in nonresponders (p = 0.017) Greater structural connectivity (DTI) between seed and thalamus, putamen, pallidum and hippocampus on right side than left in responders (laterality metric) |
| Spatola et al. (44) (2018) | GKRS | Internal capsule | OCD | 10 | No correlation between radiological results and clinical improvement; type of neuroimaging analysis not specified |
| Yin et al. (45) (2018) | RF | Internal capsule | OCD | 36 (29 matched healthy controls) | Increased functional connectivity between dorsal caudate and dACC in nonresponders (p < 0.001 uncorrected) but did not survive multicomparison correction. Dorsal caudate–dACC functional connectivity was correlated with improvements in Y-BOCS score (p = 0.011) |
ALIC = anterior limb of the internal capsule; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; dACC = dorsal anterior cingulate cortex; DBS = deep brain stimulation; DTI = diffusion tensor imaging; FDR = false discovery rate; GKRS = gamma-knife radiosurgery; MDD = major depressive disorder; OCD = obsessive–compulsive disorder; RF = radiofrequency; Y-BOCS = Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.