Sample characteristics
| Group; mean ± SD or no. (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characterisitc | Total (n = 146) | Val/Val (n = 45) | Val/Met (n = 64) | Met/Met (n = 37) | Comparison statistic | p value |
| Age, yr | 31 ± 8 | 32 ± 8.1 | 31 ± 8.4 | 32 ± 8.9 | F2,143 = 0.26 | 0.77 |
| Male sex | 135 (92.5) | 43 (95.6) | 58 (90.6) | 34 (91.9) | χ22 = 0.95 | 0.62 |
| Education, yr | 14 ± 2 | 14 ± 2.3 | 14 ± 1.8 | 15 ± 1.8 | F2,143 = 3.51 | 0.032§ |
| WTAR estimated IQ* | 103 ± 11.5 | 104 ± 10.9 | 102 ± 11.4 | 104 ± 12.4 | F2,141 = 0.33, | 0.72 |
| CAPS total score | 44 ± 28.6 | 47 ± 27.7 | 45 ± 29.2 | 38 ± 28.6 | F2,143 = 1.05 | 0.35 |
| Symptom duration, mo† | 58 ± 60.5 | 63 ± 62.8 | 56 ± 68.6 | 54 ± 38.8 | F2,82 = 0.15 | 0.87 |
| Lifetime mood disorder diagnosis | 48 (32.9) | 16 (35.6) | 21 (32.8) | 11 (29.7) | χ22 = 0.31 | 0.86 |
| Lifetime substance use diagnosis | 93 (63.7) | 32 (71.1) | 41 (70.7) | 20 (58.8) | χ22 = 2.56 | 0.28 |
| Probable TBI | 69 (47) | 23 (51) | 28 (44) | 18 (49) | χ22 = 0.61 | 0.74 |
| L hippocampal vol, mm3‡ | 4355 ± 365 | 4378 ± 386 | 4410 ± 330 | 4232 ± 380 | F2,143 = 3.0 | 0.05 |
| R hippocampal vol, mm3‡ | 4456 ± 389 | 4413 ± 416 | 4524 ± 354 | 4391 ± 404 | F2,143 = 1.78 | 0.17 |
CAPS = Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; L = left; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; R = right; SD = standard deviation; TBI = traumatic brain injury; WTAR = Wechsler Test of Adult Reading.
↵* Information missing for 2 participants.
↵† Symptom duration available only for individuals with PTSD.
↵‡ Adjusted for intracranial volume.
↵§ The Met/Met group had higher education than the Val/Met group.