Clinical and demographic characteristics of participants
| Group; mean ± SD or no. | ||
|---|---|---|
| Characteristic* | All participants n = 133 | Subset with MRI scan n = 61 |
| Age, yr | 22.5 ± 3.9 | 22.9 ± 3.8 |
| Sex, male:female | 105:28 | 47:14 |
| SANS total score, excluding attention† | 23.62 ± 13.7 | 21.49 ± 12.7 |
| CDS total score† | 2.07 ± 2.9 | 2.08 ± 2.9 |
| Duration of illness, mo† (n = 131) | 6.86 ± 1.67 | 6.87 ± 1.86 |
| Completed education, yr (n = 130) | 11 ± 2.3 | 10.69 ± 2.04 |
| Antipsychotic dosage, CPZ equivalent† (n = 127) | 319.42 ± 249.96 | 325.63 ± 262.69 |
| Taking antidepressants, yes:no (n = 127) | 20:107 | 11:50 |
| Taking benzodiazepine, yes:no (n = 127) | 7:120 | 4:57 |
| Taking anticholinergics, yes:no (n = 127) | 8:119 | 2:59 |
| Socioeconomic status‡ (n = 104) | 4.13 ± 0.89 | 4.14 ± 0.9 |
CDS = Calgary Depression Scale; CPZ = chlorpromazine; SANS = Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms; SD = standard deviation.
↵* Data were limited owing to missing questionnaires, and per-item n is shown.
↵† Measured at 6 mo from program entry.
↵‡ Calculated according to the Hollingshead Four Factor Index for Socioeconomic Status.