Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants
| Group; no. or mean ± SD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Schizophrenia (n = 27) | Control (n = 21) | Statistical comparison | p value |
| Sex, male:female | 23:4 | 17:4 | χ2 = 0.151 | p = 0.70 |
| Age, yr | 29.7 ± 8.6 | 29.2 ± 7.9 | t = −0.198 | p = 0.84 |
| Parental socioeconomic status* | 45.8 ± 15.5 | 41.6 ± 14.9 | t = −0.922 | p = 0.36 |
| IQ† | 99.9 ± 15.2 | 109.3 ± 15.4 | t = 2.121 | p = 0.039 |
| Schizophrenia:schizoaffective disorder | 18:9 | — | — | — |
| Illness duration, yr | 7.6 ± 7.9 | — | — | — |
| Antipsychotic medication, atypical:typical:atypical + typical | 24:0:3 | — | — | — |
| Chlorpromazine equivalent, mg | 547.7 ± 474.7 | — | — | — |
| PANSS‡ | ||||
| Positive | 13.8 ± 6.5 | — | — | — |
| Negative | 16.0 ± 6.3 | — | — | — |
| Cognitive/disorganization | 9.6 ± 3.0 | — | — | — |
| Depression/anxiety | 8.5 ± 3.1 | — | — | — |
| Excitement/hostility | 6.6 ± 3.0 | — | — | — |
| SOFI§ | ||||
| Living situation | 74.3 ± 16.4 | — | — | — |
| Instrumental activities of daily living | 68.1 ± 17.5 | — | — | — |
| Productive activities and role functioning | 44.1 ± 26.7 | — | — | — |
| Social functioning | 59.7 ± 16.4 | — | — | — |
PANSS = Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; SD = standard deviation; SOFI = Schizophrenia Objective Functioning Instrument.
↵* Assessed using the Hollingshead index.
↵† Assessed using the matrix reasoning and the vocabulary subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition.
↵‡ Five-factor model by Lehoux and colleagues. (41)
↵§ Data available for 26 patients.