Table 3

Differences in neural activation between the study groups during emotion processing and attention shifting

Comparison; brain region	Cluster size, no. voxel	MNI coordinate			Cluster-corrected p value

		x	y	z
Control > MDD: emotion processing
Right precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex	500	27	−43	25	< 0.001
Right rolandic operculum		45	−25	25
Right insula		36	−22	25
Left angular gyrus	283	−33	−55	22	< 0.001
Left supramarginal gyrus		−48	−25	25
Left rolandic operculum		−33	−43	22
Control > MDD: attention shifting
Right superior frontal gyrus	149	15	17	46	0.006
Left supplementary motor area/middle cingulate cortex		−9	8	46
Right supplementary motor area/middle cingulate cortex		6	5	46
Right precuneus	961	27	−46	25	< 0.001
Right rolandic operculum		42	−40	19
Left inferior parietal gyrus		−33	−28	34
HC-FHN > MDD-FHN: emotion processing
Right insula	338	36	−22	25	< 0.001
Right rolandic operculum		45	−25	25
Right precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex		27	−43	25
MDD-FHN > HC-FHN: emotion processing
Vermis 3	108	−3	−34	−5	0.021
Left caudate nucleus	82	−3	5	10	0.045
HC-FHN > MDD-FHN: attention shifting
Right supramarginal gyrus	539	45	−22	25	< 0.001
Right insula		27	−31	22
Right rolandic operculum		36	−19	22
HC-FHP > MDD-FHP: emotion processing
Left cuneus	828	−12	−85	28	< 0.001
Left supramarginal gyrus		−57	−52	28
Left superior occipital gyrus		−21	−82	28
HC-FHP > MDD-FHP: attention shifting
Left superior occipital gyrus	443	−15	−85	25	< 0.001
Right superior occipital gyrus		24	−73	25
Left inferior parietal gyrus		−24	−40	37
HC-FHP > HC-FHN: emotion processing
Left supramarginal gyrus	539	−57	−49	31	< 0.001
Left inferior parietal gyrus		−51	−49	43
Left postcentral gyrus		−39	−43	40
HC-FHP > HC-FHN: attention shifting
Left superior occipital gyrus	594	−24	−79	28	< 0.001
Left inferior parietal gyrus		−45	−46	37
Left supramarginal gyrus		−57	−22	40

HC-FHN = healthy controls without family history of MDD; HC-FHP = healthy controls with a family history of MDD; MDD = major depressive disorder; MDD-FHN = patients with MDD without family history of MD; MDD-FHP = patients with MDD with a family history of MDD; MNI = Montreal Neurological Institute.