Examples of central nervous system–acting substrates for 3 drug-metabolizing cytochromes P450 (5), (13)– (18)
| Enzyme | CNS-acting drugs | Endogenous | Other drugs and toxins |
|---|---|---|---|
| CYP2B6 | Bupropion, diazepam, ketamine, methadone, meperidine, nicotine, pentobarbital, phencyclidine, propofol, sertraline selegiline, tramadol | 17-β estradiol, anandamide, arachidonic acid, estrone, serotonin, testosterone | 3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine (ecstasy), chlorpyrifos, cyclophosphamide, DEET, efavirenz, ifosphamide, malathion, paraquat, parathion |
| CYP2D6 | Amyltriptyline, brofaromine, clomipramine, codeine, citalopram, clozapine, desipramine, dextromethorphan, ethylmorphine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, haloperidol, hydrocodone, imipramine, mianserin, mirtazapine, nicergoline, nortryptaline, oxycodone, paroxetine, perphenazine, risperidone, tramadol, tranylcypromine, venlafaxine, zuclopenthixol | 5-methoxytryptamine, anandamide, progesterone, tyramine | MPTP, parathion, tamoxifen |
| CYP2E1 | Enflurane, felbamate, halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, trimethadione | 17-β estradiol, arachidonic acid, estrone, prostaglandin | Acetaminophen, acetone, aniline, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, chlozoxazone, ethanol, NNK, phenol, theophylline, trichloroethane |
CNS = central nervous system; DEET = N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide; MPTP = 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; NNK = 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone.