Effect of levomepromazine (LMP) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) on psychopathology
| Scale | Treatment | Time of treatment; mean score (and standard deviation) | *p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 0–6 (baseline phase) | Week 15 (haloperidol phase) | Week 30 (LMP or CPZ phase) | Week 15 v. baseline | Week 30 v. baseline | ||
| CGI (severity) | LMP | 5.1 (0.4) | 5.5 (1.0) | 4.0 (0.9) | 0.80 | < 0.001 |
| CPZ | 5.4 (0.8) | 5.5 (0.8) | 4.8 (1.3) | 0.59 | 0.025 | |
| BPRS | ||||||
| Total | LMP | 55.8 (4.8) | 61.0 (10.8) | 45.2 (11.6) | 0.024 | 0.001 |
| CPZ | 61.1 (8.3) | 64.4 (8.2) | 54.2 (14.8) | 0.49 | 0.041 | |
| 4-item psychosis cluster† | LMP | 16.9 (1.5) | 18.4 (3.0) | 14.1 (4.3) | 0.020 | 0.017 |
| CPZ | 18.4 (2.6) | 19.5 (2.7) | 16.8 (4.9) | 0.005 | 0.15 | |
| Factor I: anxiety– depression | LMP | 2.9 (0.6) | 3.1 (0.6) | 2.2 (0.6) | 0.09 | 0.001 |
| CPZ | 2.8 (0.9) | 2.9 (0.9) | 2.5 (0.9) | 0.33 | 0.10 | |
| Factor II: anergia | LMP | 2.7 (0.6) | 3.1 (0.7) | 2.3 (0.8) | 0.017 | 0.016 |
| CPZ | 3.0 (0.7) | 3.0 (0.8) | 2.6 (0.9) | 0.73 | 0.026 | |
| Factor III: thought disturbance | LMP | 3.8 (0.4) | 4.1 (0.9) | 3.3 (1.0) | 0.13 | 0.036 |
| CPZ | 4.3 (0.8) | 4.6 (0.8) | 3.9 (1.2) | 0.007 | 0.14 | |
| Factor IV: activation | LMP | 2.6 (0.5) | 2.7 (0.7) | 2.2 (0.9) | 0.72 | 0.08 |
| CPZ | 3.3 (0.8) | 3.5 (0.9) | 2.9 (1.4) | 0.23 | 0.10 | |
| Factor V: hostile– suspiciousness | LMP | 3.4 (0.8) | 4.1 (1.4) | 2.6 (1.0) | 0.06 | 0.014 |
| CPZ | 3.6 (1.2) | 4.0 (1.0) | 3.3 (1.4) | 0.07 | 0.40 | |
| PANSS | ||||||
| Total | LMP | 100.8 (9.8) | 108.8 (18.1) | 81.1 (21.2) | 0.048 | 0.001 |
| CPZ | 107.9 (16.6) | 112.8 (12.9) | 97.0 (24.0) | 0.14 | 0.06 | |
| Positive | LMP | 25.7 (2.4) | 28.0 (5.8) | 21.9 (6.6) | 0.10 | 0.022 |
| CPZ | 28.8 (4.5) | 30.3 (4.3) | 26.8 (7.7) | 0.08 | 0.27 | |
| Negative | LMP | 25.7 (4.9) | 27.2 (4.9) | 19.7 (5.2) | 0.14 | 0.002 |
| CPZ | 25.8 (5.7) | 26.8 (4.2) | 23.7 (5.2) | 0.46 | 0.22 | |
| General | LMP | 49.4 (5.1) | 53.7 (9.6) | 39.4 (10.6) | 0.036 | 0.001 |
| CPZ | 53.3 (9.8) | 55.6 (8.2) | 46.5 (12.9) | 0.18 | 0.018 | |
| NOSIE (total assets) | LMP | 187.8 (23.8) | 176.1 (26.8) | 201.6 (30.1) | 0.016 | 0.09 |
| CPZ | 177.6 (23.3) | 175.4 (27.0) | 180.3 (26.7) | 0.74 | 0.60 | |
| AIMS (total) | LMP | 4.0 (2.7) | 3.7 (2.5) | 2.6 (2.7)‡ | 0.60 | 0.13 |
| CPZ | 6.0 (4.6) | 8.3 (6.0) | 6.5 (3.9) | 0.016 | 0.54 | |
| ESRS | ||||||
| Section II (excluding item 6): parkinsonism | LMP | 11.7 (7.3) | 10.8 (6.3) | 8.7 (8.6) | 0.55 | 0.16 |
| CPZ | 11.4 (9.4) | 13.6 (10.9) | 8.4 (7.7) | 0.028 | 0.12 | |
| Section II, item 6: akathisia | LMP | 1.0 (1.1) | 1.0 (0.9) | 0.4 (0.8)§ | 0.81 | 0.10 |
| CPZ | 1.8 (1.1) | 1.6 (1.4) | 1.7 (1.7) | 0.48 | 0.97 | |
AIMS = Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale; ANCOVA = analysis of covariance; BPRS = Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; CGI = Clinical Global Impression of severity of illness; ESRS = Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale; NOSIE = Nurses’ Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation; PANSS = Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.
↵* Within-group comparisons.
↵† Combined item scores for conceptual disorganization, suspiciousness, hallucinatory behaviour and unusual thought content.
↵‡ p = 0.005 (between-group comparisons tested by ANCOVA with mean baseline score as covariate).
↵§ p = 0.016 (between-group comparisons tested by ANCOVA with mean baseline score as covariate).