Karolinska Scales of Personality and Temperament and Character Inventory scores* in a normal population of men (sample 1) grouped into carriers of short and long alleles of the CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms of the AR, respectively
| Test measure | Polymorphism; mean (SD) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAG-S | CAG-L | GGN-S | GGN-L | |
| KSP | (n = 59–66) | (n = 72–75) | (n = 78–83) | (n = 53–58) |
| Neuroticism | 50.57 (7.06) | 47.43 (6.67) | 47.85 (6.50) | 50.32 (7.50) |
| Somatic anxiety | 53.44 (9.00) | 48.27 (8.36) | 49.24 (8.39) | 52.61 (9.55) |
| Psychic anxiety | 48.90 (8.93) | 45.85 (8.73) | 46.48 (8.58) | 48.32 (9.37) |
| Muscular tension | 54.13 (9.74) | 49.90 (9.74) | 50.30 (9.49) | 54.03 (10.23) |
| Psychasthenia | 50.31 (11.47) | 46.09 (10.51) | 47.78 (11.09) | 48.31 (11.25) |
| Inhibition of aggression | 45.11 (9.43) | 44.65 (10.48) | 44.60 (10.12) | 45.24 (9.87) |
| Guilt | 48.49 (7.35) | 45.94 (9.51) | 45.78 (8.70) | 49.02 (8.33) |
| Socialization | 46.38 (10.93) | 48.66 (10.53) | 49.24 (9.80) | 45.26 (11.66) |
| Psychoticism | 46.93 (9.20) | 47.93 (9.69) | 47.96 (8.94) | 46.78 (10.16) |
| Nonconformity | 48.64 (6.30) | 47.09 (6.39) | 47.96 (6.58) | 47.61 (6.13) |
| Extraversion | 54.57 (9.69) | 51.27 (8.05) | 52.36 (8.18) | 53.47 (10.04) |
| Impulsiveness | 51.99 (10.77) | 49.68 (8.74) | 49.90 (8.37) | 52.01 (11.45) |
| Monotony avoidance | 57.15 (10.73) | 52.86 (11.51) | 54.83 (11.23) | 54.93 (11.55) |
| TCI | (n = 67) | (n = 74) | (n = 82) | (n = 59) |
| Temperament | ||||
| Novelty seeking | 51.52 (11.98) | 52.00 (9.10) | 52.01 (10.15) | 51.44 (11.11) |
| Harm avoidance | 49.70 (10.78) | 47.70 (9.68) | 48.34 (9.49) | 49.08 (11.25) |
| Reward dependence | 49.73 (10.76) | 47.93 (10.69) | 48.44 (10.55) | 49.27 (11.02) |
| Persistence | 52.43 (10.16) | 49.89 (10.88) | 51.20 (10.45) | 50.97 (10.86) |
| Character | ||||
| Self-directedness | 48.43 (10.78) | 50.65 (10.56) | 49.72 (10.52) | 49.42 (10.99) |
| Cooperativeness | 47.24 (8.52) | 48.19 (10.92) | 46.65 (9.94) | 49.25 (9.56) |
| Self-transcendence | 51.76 (9.31) | 46.26 (9.29) | 47.32 (8.62) | 51.03 (10.68) |
| Self-transcendence 1 | 54.24 (11.99) | 48.22 (10.11) | 49.95 (10.14) | 52.64 (12.90) |
| Self-transcendence 2 | 51.60 (9.28) | 49.61 (9.84) | 49.09 (8.99) | 52.59 (10.11) |
| Self-transcendence 3 | 49.30 (8.96) | 44.47 (9.15) | 45.55 (8.96) | 48.46 (9.68) |
KSP = Karolinska Scales of Personality; L = long; S = short; SD = standard deviation; TCI = Temperament and Character Inventory.
↵* We standardized all personality test scores using normative data (T scores)