Table 1

In-vitro effects of Aβ-related peptides on cholinergic neurotransmission and toxicity

Effect	Peptide fragment	Concentration	Model	References
Short-term
Decrease in choline uptake	Aβ_{1–42, 1–40, 1–28, 25–35}	pmol/L–μmol/L	Cortical and hippocampal synaptosomes	(84)^, (85)
Decrease in ACh release	Aβ_{1–42, 1–40, 1–28, 25–35}	pmol/L–μmol/L	Cortical and hippocampal slices, cortical and electric organ synaptosomes, retinal neurons	(84)^, (86)^– (91)
Decrease in whole-cell currents and increase in excitability	Aβ_{1–42, 25–35}	nmol/L–μmol/L	Dissociated cells from the diagonal band of Broca	(92)
Long-term
Decrease in PDH activity	Aβ_1–42	nmol/L	Primary septal cultures	(93)
Decrease in ChAT activity	Aβ_{1–42, 1–40, 1–28, 25–35}	nmol/L–μmol/L	SN56 cell line and primary septal cultures	(94)^, (95)
Decrease in ACh content	Aβ_{1–42, 1–28, 25–35, 25–28}	pmol/L–nmol/L	SN56 cell line and primary septal cultures	(93)^, (94)^, (96)
Disruption of muscarinic M1-like receptor signalling	Aβ_{1–40, 25–35}	nmol/L–μmol/L	Primary cortical cultures	(97)
Induction of tau phosphorylation	Aβ_{1–42, 1–40, 25–35}	μmol/L	SN56 cell line and primary septal cultures	(95)^, (98)
Induction of toxicity	Aβ_{1–42, 1–40, 25–35}	μmol/L	SN56 cell line, RN46A cell line and primary septal cultures	(95)^, (98)^, (99)

Note: Aβ = β-amyloid peptide; ACh = acetylcholine; ChAT = choline acetyltransferase; PDH = pyruvate dehydrogenase.