Mean RBANS and Beck Depression Inventory scores by group*
| Group | Pre-rTMS | Post-rTMS | Difference | |Z| | p value | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| iTBS | ||||||
| RBANS scores | ||||||
| Total | 73.7 ± 12.2 | 80.1 ± 16.0 | 6.4 ± 6.2 | 3.327 | 0.001 | 0.95 |
| Immediate memory | 73.1 ± 16.5 | 81.1 ± 20.9 | 8 ± 9.6 | 2.737 | 0.006 | |
| Visuospatial ability | 98.9 ± 13.4 | 100.2 ± 14.2 | 1.3 ± 3.2 | 1.461 | 0.14 | |
| Language | 70.1 ± 14.0 | 76.1 ± 15.6 | 6 ± 8.7 | 2.807 | 0.005 | 0.68 |
| Attention | 77.5 ± 19.1 | 80.1 ± 17.1 | 2.7 ± 7.8 | 1.289 | 0.20 | |
| Delayed memory | 79.5 ± 18.8 | 84.6 ± 19.8 | 5.1 ± 9.0 | 2.67 | 0.008 | 0.51 |
| Beck Depression Inventory score | 14.5 ± 10.0 | 14.1 ± 9.5 | −0.4 ± 0.8 | 1.732 | 0.08 | |
| 5 Hz rTMS | ||||||
| RBANS scores | ||||||
| Total | 69.1 ± 10.9 | 76.9 ± 10.6 | 7.8 ± 5 | 2.938 | 0.003 | 0.99 |
| Immediate memory | 69.2 ± 20.0 | 75.4 ± 21.5 | 6.2 ± 11.7 | 1.602 | 0.11 | |
| Visuospatial ability | 87.0 ± 13.9 | 91.0 ± 16.8 | 4 ± 12.6 | 0.889 | 0.37 | |
| Language | 76.3 ± 4.8 | 77.7 ± 7.3 | 1.5 ± 8.8 | 0.954 | 0.34 | |
| Attention | 70.1 ± 19.0 | 84.6 ± 15.1 | 14.5 ± 15.1 | 2.805 | 0.005 | 0.41 |
| Delayed memory | 75.1 ± 21.1 | 90.6 ± 16.0 | 15.5 ± 13 | 2.713 | 0.007 | 0.93 |
| Beck Depression Inventory score | 13.0 ± 13.2 | 8.3 ± 6.5 | −4.7 ± 11.4 | 0.949 | 0.34 | |
| Sham | ||||||
| RBANS scores | ||||||
| Total | 65.3 ± 16.1 | 65.9 ± 16.1 | 0.6 ± 4.7 | 0.000 | 1.000 | |
| Immediate memory | 61.3 ± 20.0 | 64.1 ± 23.7 | 2.7 ± 7.9 | 1.263 | 0.21 | |
| Visuospatial ability | 82.9 ± 15.6 | 80.1 ± 12.2 | −2.8 ± 10.9 | 0.756 | 0.45 | |
| Language | 63.3 ± 18.1 | 62.7 ± 17.5 | −0.6 ± 5.7 | 0.119 | 0.91 | |
| Attention | 76.1 ± 20.8 | 74.5 ± 22.6 | −1.6 ± 7.3 | 0.77 | 0.44 | |
| Delayed memory | 76.1 ± 20.8 | 67.4 ± 23.1 | −8.7 ± 15.4 | 1.923 | 0.054 | |
| Beck Depression Inventory score | 9.2 ± 8.2 | 7.8 ± 7.6 | −1.1 ± 2.2 | 1.802 | 0.07 | |
iTBS = intermittent theta burst stimulation; RBANS = Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status; rTMS = repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
↵* Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Wilcoxon signed rank test for intragroup comparison; improvement compared with baseline. Significance levels set at p < 0.05.