Neuropsychologic comparisons of carbon monoxide–intoxicated patients 3 and 10 months after exposure and control participants
| Group; mean (SD) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Neuropsychologic measure | CO patients, 3-month follow-up | CO patients, 10-month follow-up | Control participants |
| Mini-Mental State Examination (14) | 21.1 (7.1)* | 21.0 (9.4)* | 29.3 (0.4) |
| Clinical Dementia Rating (15) | 0.7 (0.4)* | 0.9 (1.6)* | 0 |
| Verbal episodic memory (16) (maximal = 10) | |||
| 1st trial | 3.8 (1.3) | 3.7 (1.4)* | 5.1 (1.3) |
| 2nd trial | 4.9 (1.7)* | 5.2 (1.2)* | 7.3 (0.8) |
| 3rd trial | 5.4 (1.8)* | 5.6 (1.7)* | 7.9 (1.4) |
| Delay recall | 4.0 (2.2)* | 4.5 (2.4)* | 7.2 (1.8) |
| Visual memory (17) | (1.8) | ||
| Modified R-O recall (maximal = 17) | 5.9 (4.8)* | 7.3 (5.4) | 15.5 (2.1) |
| Modified R-O recognition (maximal = 1) | 0.5 (0.5)* | 0.9 (0.3) | 1.0 (0) |
| Word-recognition test (16) | |||
| Hit | 9.3 (1.9) | 10.3 (1.3) | 10.8 (1.3) |
| False alarm | 0.2 (0.4) | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.4 (0.6) |
| Missed | 2.4 (1.9) | 1.2 (1.1) | 1.8 (2.6) |
| Correct rejection | 11.7 (0.4) | 11.9 (0.3) | 11.0 (2.6) |
| Language ability | |||
| Boston Naming Test (18) (maximal = 17) | 16.1 (0.7) | 15.9 (0.7) | 17 (0) |
| Semantic fluency: animal | 10.8 (2.9)* | 10.4 (2.9)* | 16.6 (5.4) |
| Semantic fluency: vegetables | 9.9 (2.6)* | 11.3 (3.6) | 15.2 (3.7) |
| Visuospatial ability | |||
| R-O complex copy (17) (maximal = 17) | 12.4 (7.4) | 17.0 (0) | 17.0 (0) |
| Visual Object and S pace Perception Battery (19) (maximal = 10) | 7.7 (3.1)* | 7.7 (1.8)* | 10.0 (0) |
| Calculation (maximal = 5) | 3.8 (1.4)* | 3.9 (1.2) | 4.9 (0.2) |
| Executive function (20) | |||
| Digit backward | 3.3 (1.3)* | 3.9 (1.1)* | 5.4 (1.5) |
| Design fluency | 4.4 (3.6) | 5.8 (3.2) | 8.3 (4.9) |
| Reasoning (maxima l = 8) | 6.4 (1.4) | 7.6 (1.0) | 7.4 (1.1) |
| Judgment (maximal = 12) | 7.2 (2.0)* | 7.4 (3.0) | 10.5 (2.4) |
| Digit forward | 7.7 (1.0) | 7.7 (0.9) | 8.0 (1.9) |
| Neuropsychiatric Inventory total scores (21) | 12.7 (12.6)* | 6.4 (6.5) | 3.82 (3.1) |
CO = carbon monoxide; R-O = Rey–Osterrieth; SD = standard deviation.
↵* p < 0.01 compared with controls.