Summary of the results of the 3 meta-analyses
| Comparison | No. of studies | Effect size summary (95% confidence interval) | Z | Q test | I2 (%) | Influence test | Egger’s test | Kendall’s rank test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specific anxiety | 9 | −0.4858 (−0.8319 to −0.1398) | −2.7517 p = 0.006 | 17.6384 p = 0.040 | 48.98 | None | −1.2078 p = 0.23 | −0.2889 p = 0.29 |
| General anxiety | 9 | 0.8139 (−1.4484 to −0.1794) | −2.5142 p = 0.012 | 41.0326 p < 0.001 | 80.50 | Dilkov et al. (87) (2017) | −0.3108 p = 0.76 | −0.1667 p = 0.61 |
| General anxiety* | 8 | −0.5684 (−1.0626 to −0.0742) | −2.2541 p = 0.024 | 19.5887 p = 0.007 | 64.27 | None | −0.1009 p = 0.92 | −0.1429 p = 0.72 |
| Depression | 7 | −0.9822 (−1.6177 to −0.3468) | −3.0297 p = 0.002 | 23.4602 p < 0.001 | 74.42 | Dilkov et al. (87) (2017) | −0.9869 p = 0.32 | −0.1429 p = 0.77 |
| Depression* | 6 | −0.6433 (−0.9786 to −0.3081) | −3.7616 p < 0.001 | 3.8846 p = 0.57 | – | None | −0.7960 p = 0.43 | −0.0667 p > 0.99 |
↵* Indicates results after outlier removal.