Summary of study characteristics used for quantitative analysis
| Sample | Outcome measures | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NIBS | Control | ||||||||||
| Study | Type | No. patients | Type | No. patients | No. sessions | Target region | Protocol type | Blinding | Specific anxiety | General anxiety | Depression |
| De Lima et al. (86) (2019) | tDCS | 15 | Sham | 15 | 5 | Left dlPFC | Excitatory | Double-blind | Lipp | HAM-A | BDI |
| Deppermann et al. (115) (2014) | iTBS | 20 | Sham | 21 | 15 | Left dlPFC | Excitatory | Double-blind | PAS | HAM-A | NR |
| Diefenbach et al. (116) (2016) | rTMS | 9 | Sham | 10 | 10 | Right dlPFC | Inhibitory | Double-blind | PSWQ | HAM-A | HAM-D |
| Dilkov et al. (87) (2017) | rTMS | 15 | Sham | 22 | 25 | Right dlPFC | Excitatory | Double-blind | NR | HAM-A | HAM-D |
| Herrmann et al. (117) (2017) | rTMS | 20 | Sham | 19 | 2 | vmPFC | Excitatory | Double-blind | AQ anxiety | NR | NR |
| Huang et al. (118) (2018) | rTMS | 18 | Sham | 18 | 10 | Right PPC | Inhibitory | Double-blind | PSQI | HAM-A | HAM-D |
| Mantovani et al. (119) (2013) | rTMS | 11 | Sham | 10 | 20 | Right dlPFC | Inhibitory | Double-blind | PDSS | HAM-A | HAM-D |
| Movahed et al. (120) (2018) | tDCS | 6 | Sham | 6 | 10 | Right dlPFC | Inhibitory | Single-blind | PSWQ | HAM-A | HAM-D |
| Nasiri et al. (121) (2020) | tDCS | 13 | UP | 15 | 10 | Right dlPFC | Inhibitory | Double-blind | GAD-Q-IV | BAI | BDI |
| Notzon et al. (88) (2015) | iTBS | 20 | Sham | 20 | 1 | Left dlPFC | Excitatory | Single-blind | SPQ | NR | NR |
| Prasko et al. (122) (2007) | rTMS | 7 | Sham | 8 | 10 | Right dlPFC | Inhibitory | Double-blind | PDSS | HAM-A | NR |
AQ anxiety = Acrophobia Questionnaire anxiety subscale; BAI = Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; dlPFC = left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; GAD-Q-IV = Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-IV; HAM-A = Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HAM-D = Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; iTBS = intermittent theta burst stimulation; Lipp = Lipp Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults; NIBS = noninvasive brain stimulation; NR = not reported; PAS = Panic and Agoraphobia Scale; PDSS = Panic Disorder Severity Scale; PPC = posterior parietal cortex; PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSWQ = Penn State Worry Questionnaire; rTMS = repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; SPQ = Spider Phobia Questionnaire; tDCS = transcranial direct current stimulation; UP = unified protocol; vmPFC = ventromedial prefrontal cortex.