Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants
| Characteristic | Insomnia disorder n = 50 | Healthy control n = 42 | Statistics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 43.3 ± 13.9 | 36.2 ± 11.2 | t = 2.71, p = 0.008 |
| Sex, female | 33 (66.0) | 26 (61.9) | χ2 = 0.17, p = 0.7 |
| Duration of insomnia disorder, yr | 6.9 ± 7.8 | — | |
| Duration of education, yr | 13.6 ± 3.8 | 15.4 ± 2.0 | t = −2.88, p = 0.005 |
| PSQI* | |||
| Total score | 12.9 ± 3.6 | 2.4 ± 1.3 | t = 19.25, p < 0.001 |
| TST, min | 281.8 ± 89.0 | 445.5 ± 53.8 | t = −10.86, p < 0.001 |
| SE, % | 64.9 ± 20.0 | 96.2 ± 4.2 | t = −10.79, p < 0.001 |
| ISI score* | 18.5 ± 4.8 | 1.3 ± 1.7 | t = 23.73, p < 0.001 |
| Polysomnographic data | |||
| TST, min | 346.9 ± 73.3 | 394.3 ± 65.4 | t = −3.24, p = 0.002 |
| SE, % | 77.7 ± 12.3 | 91.1 ± 7.1 | t = −6.51, p < 0.001 |
| WASO, min | 73.2 ± 56.8 | 31.9 ± 29.2 | t = 4.48, p < 0.001 |
| AHI, no./h | 3.4 ± 3.4 | 3.0 ± 4.4 | t = 0.54, p = 0.6 |
AHI = apnea–hypopnea index; ISI = Insomnia Severity Index; PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SE = sleep efficiency; SOL = sleep onset latency; TST = total sleep time; WASO = wake-after-sleep onset.
Values are reported as mean ± standard deviation or n (%).
↵* These scales were completed on the date of the brain MRI scanning.