Table 2

Group comparison of the cortical thickness of both hemispheres and 9 altered cortical regions^*

Characteristic	Autism spectrum disorder^† n = 88	Typically developing controls^† n = 51	F / χ² / t	p value	q_FDR	Cohen d
Age, yr (range)	12.68 ± 3.09 (8–20)	13.73 ± 3.61 (8–20)	F = 3.24	0.07	–	–
Male, n (%)	84 (95.5)	45 (88.2)	χ² = 2.52	0.11	–	–
Left-handedness, n (%)	80 (90.9)	48 (94.1)	χ² = 0.46	0.50	–
Full-scale IQ	104 ± 16	113 ± 12	F = 13.51	< 0.001	–	–
Cortical thickness, mm
Right hemisphere	3.101 ± 0.169	3.157 ± 0.100	t = −2.65	0.009	–	0.403
Left hemisphere	3.108 ± 0.165	3.158 ± 0.107	t = −2.50	0.014	–	0.360
Right middle-posterior part of the cingulate gyrus and sulcus (posterior midcingulate cortex)	3.383 ± 0.223	3.498 ± 0.169	t = −3.61	< 0.001	0.004	0.581
Right posterior transverse collateral sulcus	2.730 ± 0.285	2.855 ± 0.246	t = −3.39	0.001	0.004	0.470
Right orbital gyri	3.399 ± 0.219	3.500 ± 0.159	t = −2.93	0.004	0.008	0.528
Right superior segment of the circular sulcus of the insula	3.424 ± 0.227	3.508 ± 0.169	t = −3.22	0.002	0.005	0.420
Right posterior ramus of the lateral sulcus	3.181 ± 0.239	3.294 ± 0.194	t = −2.76	0.007	0.008	0.519
Right triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus	3.281 ± 0.265	3.380 ± 0.197	t = −2.82	0.006	0.008	0.424
Right superior temporal sulcus (parallel sulcus)	3.156 ± 0.202	3.222 ± 0.165	t = −2.73	0.007	0.008	0.358
Right orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus	3.409 ± 0.301	3.521 ± 0.226	t = −2.90	0.004	0.008	0.421
Right lateral occipitotemporal gyrus (fusiform gyrus, O4–T4)	3.408 ± 0.211	3.504 ± 0.179	t = −2.61	0.010	0.010	0.491

FDR = false discovery rate.
↵* The comparison of cortical thickness used age, sex, full-scale IQ and intracranial volume as covariates. Multiple comparisons of the 9 regions were adjusted using false discovery rate.
↵† Values are mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise specified.