Characteristic* | Military- and law-enforcement-related PTSD | Civilian-related PTSD | Healthy controls exposed to a moral injury event |
---|---|---|---|
Participants, n | 28 | 28 | 18 |
M/F, n | 25/3 | 9/19 | 7/11 |
Age, yr | 49 ± 8 | 49 ± 8 | 33 ± 11 |
Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, total score | 40.9 ± 7.9† | 41.7 ± 6.6† | 0 ± 0 |
Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, criterion D | 15.4 ± 3.5† | 15.4 ± 3.2† | 0 ± 0 |
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, total score | 52.8 ± 24.2† | 65.7 ± 23.4† | 30.3 ± 8.4 |
Multiscale Dissociation Inventory, total score | 60.3 ± 16.3† | 68.0 ± 17.8† | 35.6 ± 5.2 |
Moral Injury Events Scale, total score | 39.9 ± 6.9† | 39.3 ± 7.7† | 25.9 ± 9.6 |
World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, total score | 30.3 ± 9.3† | 31.6 ± 8.7† | 12.9 ± 1.7 |
Major depressive disorder, recurrent, n | Current: 9 Past: 0 | Current: 21 Past: 0 | Current: 0 Past: 0 |
Major depressive disorder, single episode, n | Current: 4 Past: 1 | Current: 0 Past: 0 | Current: 0 Past: 0 |
Prescribed psychotropic medication, n‡ | 23 | 10 | 0 |
F = female; M = male; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder.
↵* Values are mean ± standard deviation, unless otherwise indicated.
↵† Significantly higher clinical symptom values relative to healthy controls, based on 1-way analysis of variance and follow-up t tests (p < 0.05).
↵‡ See Appendix 1 for a full breakdown of the psychotropic medications prescribed, the class they belonged to, and how many past and present prescriptions were recorded in each group.