Table 2

Differences in subcortical volumes among patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and health controls

Location	Control^* n = 205	Schizophrenia^* n = 157	Bipolar disorder^* n = 51	HC v. SCZ		HC v. BD		BD v. SCZ

				d	p value	d	p value	d	p value
Left thalamus	7048.8 ± 580.4	6864.5 ± 682.7	6860.9 ± 670.9	−0.29	5.83 × 10⁻³	−0.30	0.046	0.01	0.97
Left caudate	3981.1 ± 345.0	3987.0 ± 374.6	3967.5 ± 377.3	0.02	0.88	−0.04	0.81	0.05	0.75
Left putamen	4818.7 ± 460.5	4907.0 ± 460.0	4842.4 ± 439.1	0.19	0.071	0.05	0.74	0.14	0.38
Left pallidum	2286.1 ± 176.5	2322.8 ± 191.0	2338.6 ± 242.7	0.20	0.060	0.25	0.081	−0.07	0.63
Left hippocampus	3492.8 ± 307.5	3384.8 ± 298.3	3334.4 ± 305.1	−0.36	8.85 × 10⁻⁴	−0.52	1.12 × 10⁻³	0.17	0.30
Left amygdala	2026.8 ± 161.7	1979.2 ± 145.3	2052.4 ± 188.5	−0.31	4.02 × 10⁻³	0.15	0.33	−0.43	4.22 × 10⁻³
Left accumbens	418.8 ± 71.6	412.9 ± 73.8	394.1 ± 56.7	−0.08	0.44	−0.38	0.023	0.29	0.098
Right thalamus	6836.8 ± 501.5	6709.2 ± 572.8	6816.9 ± 629.5	−0.24	0.025	−0.03	0.81	−0.18	0.26
Right caudate	3887.7 ± 345.4	3907.8 ± 370.0	3901.4 ± 373.0	0.06	0.59	0.04	0.80	0.02	0.91
Right putamen	4699.1 ± 450.2	4761.1 ± 461.4	4700.3 ± 415.2	0.14	0.20	0.00	0.99	0.14	0.40
Right pallidum	2234.7 ± 202.9	2261.8 ± 184.8	2254.2 ± 243.4	0.14	0.19	0.09	0.56	0.04	0.81
Right hippocampus	5038.2 ± 314.9	4900.2 ± 356.8	4853.1 ± 323.1	−0.41	1.15 × 10⁻⁴	−0.58	0.30 × 10⁻⁴	0.14	0.40
Right amygdala	2031.8 ± 168.9	1988.8 ± 156.7	2063.9 ± 179.1	−0.17	0.014	0.18	0.23	−0.45	4.56 × 10⁻³
Rt accumbens	491.5 ± 69.8	477.3 ± 65.1	483.3 ± 59.9	−0.21	0.048	−0.13	0.44	−0.10	0.56

BD = bipolar disorder; HC = healthy control; SCZ = schizophrenia.
↵* Values are mean ± standard deviation (SD) unless otherwise indicated.
Age-, sex-, age-by-sex-, age-squared-, age-squared-by-sex- and ICV-corrected means ± SDs are shown.