Between-group differences in clinical scores
| Adjusted difference | Mean difference (95% CI) p value, Cohen d | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Post-treatment | 10-day follow-up | 1-month follow-up | |
| HAM-A | |||
| rds-ccPAS-1500 v. rds-ccPAS-750 | −5.26 (−9.30 to −1.21) | −2.37 (−7.66 to 2.93) | −2.86 (−8.96 to 3.32) |
| p = 0.011*, d = −1.147 | p = 0.38, d = −0.371 | p = 0.36, d = −0.394 | |
| rds-ccPAS-1500 v. ss-PFC | −6.14 (−9.06 to −3.22) | −3.42 (−7.94 to 1.09) | −4.66 (−9.85 to 0.52) |
| p < 0.001*, d = −1.577 | p = 0.14, d = −0.576 | p = 0.08†, d = −0.684 | |
| rds-ccPAS-1500 v. ss-PPC | −5.78* (−9.67 to −1.89) | −2.71 (−7.81 to 2.39) | −2.74 (−7.77 to 2.29) |
| p = 0.004*, d = −1.109 | p = 0.30, d = −0.402 | p = 0.29, d = −0.415 | |
| HAM-D | |||
| rds-ccPAS-1500 v. rds-ccPAS-750 | −2.79 (−6.47 to 0.88) | −0.62 (−4.82 to 3.59) | −1.39 (−7.01 to 1.09) |
| p = 0.14, d = −0.670 | p = 0.78, d = −0.127 | p = 0.63, d = −0.218 | |
| rds-ccPAS-1500 v. ss-PFC | −3.75 (−6.35 to −1.15) | −1.76 (−4.68 to 1.16) | −2.62 (−6.32 to 1.09) |
| p = 0.005*, d = −1.086 | p = 0.24, d = −0.458 | p = 0.17, d = −0.535 | |
| rds-ccPAS-1500 v. ss-PPC | −3.03 (−6.14 to 0.08) | −0.83 (−4.56 to 2.91) | −1.62 (−5.36 to 2.13) |
| p = 0.06†, d = −0.730 | p = 0.66, d = −0.167 | p = 0.40, d = −0.327 | |
| PSQI | |||
| rds-ccPAS-1500 v. rds-ccPAS-750 | −1.85 (−4.79 to 1.10) | −2.56 (−4.03 to 2.56) | −1.70 (−4.99 to 1.58) |
| p = 0.22, d = −0.547 | p = 0.66, d = −0.188 | p = 0.31, d = −0.436 | |
| rds-ccPAS-1500 v. ss-PFC | −3.20 (−6.56 to 0.16) | −3.06 (−5.76 to 0.64) | −2.71 (−5.83 to 0.41) |
| p = 0.06†, d = −0.712 | p = 0.12, d = −0.604 | p = 0.09†, d = −0.654 | |
| rds-ccPAS-1500 v. ss-PPC | −3.78 (−6.62 to −1.03) | −0.74 (−6.17 to 0.05) | −3.21 (−6.28 to −0.14) |
| p = 0.007*, d = −1.032 | p = 0.05†, d = −0.743 | p = 0.040*, d = −0.790 | |
CI = confidence interval; HAM-A = Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HAM-D = Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; rds-ccPAS-750 = repetitive dual-site cortical-cortical paired associative stimulation, 750 pulses per session; rds-ccPAS-1500 = repetitive dual-site cortical-cortical paired associative stimulation, 1500 pulses per session; ss-PFC = single-site stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; ss-PPC = single-site stimulation over the right posterior parietal cortex.
↵* Significant difference as estimated by generalized estimating equation (p < 0.05).
↵† Trend-level difference as estimated by generalized estimating equation (p < 0.1); degree of freedom was 1.