Table 1

Participant characteristics

Characteristic^a	Patients with first-episode schizophrenia n = 63	Healthy controls n = 48	Statistic	p value
Male/female	30/33	28/20	χ² = 1.25	0.26
Age, yr	27.5 ± 6.8	30.5 ± 7.8	t = −2.18	0.31
Education, yr	13.2 ± 3.3	13.8 ± 2.6	t = −0.96	0.34
Age at onset, yr	26.8 ± 7.5	NA	NA	NA
Illness duration, mo	11.6 ± 12.2	NA	NA	NA
CTQ
Emotional abuse subscore	7.09 ± 2.31	6.00 ± 1.46	z = −2.89	0.004
Physical abuse subscore	5.68 ± 1.58	5.40 ± 1.25	z = −1.53	0.13
Sexual abuse subscore	6.05 ± 2.83	5.17 ± 0.37	z = −2.31	0.020
Emotional neglect subscore	9.32 ± 4.02	7.67 ± 2.94	z = −2.17	0.030
Physical neglect subscore	11.14 ± 2.23	10.10 ± 1.36	z = −2.42	0.016
Total score	39.29 ± 7.91	34.33 ± 5.12	z = −3.76	< 0.001
MCCB
Speed of processing subscore	49.65 ± 11.15	56.72 ± 7.55	F = 44.81	< 0.001
Attention or vigilance subscore	42.33 ± 8.72	57.98 ± 7.01	F = 87.14	< 0.001
Working memory subscore	48.35 ± 9.80	58.89 ± 5.45	F = 36.17	0.002
Verbal learning subscore	49.65 ± 11.15	56.73 ± 7.55	F = 10.18 <	0.001
Visual learning subscore	47.35 ± 9.56	55.82 ± 6.04	F = 10.18 <	0.001
Reason and problem-solving subscore	49.10 ± 9.02	57.05 ± 6.16	F = 32.34	< 0.001
Social cognition subscore	46.56 ± 8.50	54.20 ± 10.26	F = 12.58	0.001
Composite score	46.00 ± 8.32	58.89 ± 5.80	F = 78.95	< 0.001
Right OFC H-shaped sulci volume, cm³	2.49 ± 0.26	2.52 ± 0.37	F = 0.06	0.81
Left OFC H-shaped sulci volume, cm³	2.56 ± 0.31	2.69 ± 0.36	F = 6.25	0.014

CTQ = Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; MCCB = MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery; NA = not applicable; OFC = orbitofrontal cortex.
↵* Adjusting for sex, age, education level and total intracranial volume as covariates in the general linear model. Values are mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated.