Table 4

ANCOVA and descriptive statistics for rostral cingulate cortex volumes

Region of interestNormalized volumes, mm3*Estimated normalized volumes adjusted for superior cingulate gyrus overlap, mm3*F1,75p valueηp2
Unexposed controls
n = 50		Individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure
n = 30		Unexposed controls
n = 50		Individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure
n = 30
Right pregenual ACC1642.99 ± 760.051488.72 ± 760.801717.25 ± 68.771387.93 ± 89.438.5280.019†0.102
Right anterior MCC2152.45 ± 601.032188.95 ± 402.932186.14 ± 67.72146.69 ± 88.040.1260.720.002
Right rostral cingulate cortex3795.43 ± 1152.163677.67 ± 916.963903.39 ± 92.663534.62 ± 120.505.8900.036†0.073
Left pregenual ACC1310.12 ± 651.581420.55 ± 802.53NANA0.1310.72‡0.010
Left anterior MCC1851.89 ± 569.661851.33 ± 512.141901.34 ± 64.01771.55 ± 84.031.4940.230.020
Left rostral cingulate cortex3162.01 ± 1096.263271.88 ± 1138.743277.63 ± 102.363081.14 ± 133.311.3630.250.018

  • ACC = anterior cingulate cortex; ANCOVA = analysis of covariance; FDR = false discovery rate; MCC = midcingulate cortex; NA = not applicable.

  • ↵* Values are mean ± standard deviation.

  • ↵† Represent a q value (i.e., a Benjamini–Hochberg FDR-corrected p value). For Benjamini–Hochberg FDR correction, we assumed 2 tests for total rostral cingulate cortex volume and 4 tests for subregion volumes.

  • ↵‡ Adjusted for rank analysis of covariance34 because of violation of an ANCOVA assumption (i.e., residuals were not normally distributed).