Demographic and clinical characteristics, full sample (n = 176)
| Characteristic | Adults with anxiety or depression* n = 118 | Healthy participants* n = 58 | p value† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 34.08 ± 10.79 | 24.21 ± 8.59 | < 0.001 |
| Female | 77.97% | 62.07% | 0.031 |
| Race or ethnicity other than white | 35.59% | 37.93% | 0.87 |
| Education, yr | 14.92 ± 2.24 | 13.60 ± 2.20 | < 0.001 |
| Anxiety only‡ | 27.12% | 0.00% | — |
| Depression only | 22.03% | 0.00% | — |
| Comorbid anxiety and depression | 50.85% | 0.00% | — |
| PROMIS score | |||
| Anxiety | 63.54 ± 5.94 | 46.76 ± 6.74 | < 0.001 |
| Depression | 59.34 ± 6.83 | 43.89 ± 6.23 | < 0.001 |
| Psychotropic medications§ | |||
| None | 69.50% | 0.00% | — |
| 1 | 25.42% | 0.00% | — |
| 2–3 | 5.08% | 0.00% | — |
| Substance use (past 30 days) | |||
| Cannabis | 15.25% | 11.54% | 0.48 |
| Alcohol | 60.17% | 62.07% | 0.87 |
| Tobacco | 9.26% | 5.17% | 0.55 |
PROMIS = Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.
↵* Values are mean ± standard deviation or %.
↵† We used independent-samples t tests for comparisons of continuous variables between groups, and Fisher’s exact tests for frequency comparisons of categorical variables between groups.
↵‡ Anxiety disorder and related diagnoses included generalized anxiety disorder (n = 89), social anxiety disorder (n = 30), panic disorder (n = 10), posttraumatic stress disorder (n = 6) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (n = 1).
↵§ Psychotropic medications included escitalopram (n = 10), bupropion (n = 9), sertraline (n = 8), citalopram (n = 3), fluoxetine (n = 2), paroxetine (n = 2), desvenlafaxine (n = 1), mirtazapine (n = 1), trazodone (n = 1) and lamotrigine (n = 1).