Table 1

Participant demographic and clinical characteristics, data set 1

ItemPatients with schizophrenia*
n = 81		Healthy controls*
n = 77		t/χ2p value
Age, yr24.46 ± 5.6222.87 ± 3.902.0690.040‡
Sex, M/F51/3037/403.5570.06
Education, yr11.65 ± 2.8314.2 ± 2.09−6.502< 0.001‡
Onset age, yr22.58 ± 5.39NANANA
Illness duration, mo22.93 ± 27.45NANANA
Treatment duration, mo7.53 ± 13.62NANANA
Total dosage, mg/d†378 ± 238NANANA
Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms
 Total score19.34 ± 14.43NANANA
 Hallucination score4.16 ± 5.61NANANA
 Delusion score8.74 ± 7.27NANANA
 Bizarre behaviour score3.27 ± 3.99NANANA
 Positive formal thought disorder score3.01 ± 4.49NANANA
 Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms35.03 ± 27.05NANANA
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Chinese Revised
 Information subscale score16.70 ± 4.7020.96 ± 4.86−4.396< 0.001‡
 Digit–symbol subscale score63.21 ± 12.8690.91 ± 12.73−10.676< 0.001‡
0-back load
 Accuracy, %78 ± 2392 ± 15−4.332< 0.001‡
 Response time, ms570 ± 142486 ± 934.194< 0.001‡
2-back load
 Accuracy, %48 ± 2474 ± 19−6.718< 0.001‡
 Response time, ms725 ± 176649 ± 1412.8050.006‡

  • NA = not applicable.

  • ↵* Values are mean ± standard deviation, unless otherwise indicated.

  • ↵† Antipsychotic dosage refers to dose equivalents for chlorpromazine calculated using the classical mean dose method.35

  • ↵‡ Significant at p < 0.05.