Table 4

Direct volume comparisons between patients with MDD and healthy controls

Region of interest	Mean difference (95% CI), mm³	p value^*	I2, %	No. of studies	No. of patients with MDD	No. of healthy controls
Left whole hippocampus	−74.998 (−175.651 to 25.656)	0.26	88	5	422	325
Left CA1	−13.373 (−28.894 to 2.147)	0.24	83	8	598	546
Left CA3^†	−7.491 (−12.873 to −2.109)	0.04	71	8	598	544
Left CA4^†	−8.137 (−13.724 to −2.549)	0.04	69	7	557	504
Left granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus	−6.711 (−13.427 to 0.005)	0.22	74	6	535	508
Left subiculum	−7.580 (−16.215 to 1.055)	0.24	66	8	596	546
Left presubiculum	0.247 (−6.656 to 7.150)	0.94	72	5	494	466
Left parasubiculum	0.465 (−1.220 to 2.151)	0.77	40	4	347	222
Left molecular layer	−2.925 (−15.559 to 9.710)	0.77	81	5	493	464
Left hippocampal tail	−3.943 (−25.319 to 17.433)	0.78	88	4	445	436
Left fimbria	−4.641 (−10.825 to 1.543)	0.26	74	2	91	92
Left hippocampal fissure	4.000 (−1.544 to 9.544)	0.26	NA	1	75	79
Left HATA	0.628 (−1.139 to 2.396)	0.70	0	2	258	149
Right whole hippocampus	−39.031 (−127.489 to 49.426)	0.50	84	5	421	325
Right CA1	−9.269 (−22.842 to 4.303)	0.29	71	8	598	547
Right CA3	−4.766 (−10.052 to 0.520)	0.17	66	8	598	548
Right CA4	−7.333 (−13.175 to −1.491)	0.09	68	7	557	502
Right granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus	−6.295 (−12.299 to −0.292)	0.17	62	6	535	508
Right subiculum	−8.339 (−17.172 to 0.495)	0.17	77	8	597	547
Right presubiculum	2.210 (−4.963 to 9.384)	0.65	80	5	495	466
Right parasubiculum	1.117 (−1.101 to 3.335)	0.47	63	4	348	223
Right molecular layer	1.735 (−12.626 to 16.095)	0.81	84	5	495	466
Right hippocampal tail	2.729 (−15.585 to 21.042)	0.81	89	4	448	436
Right fimbria	−4.211 (−9.167 to 0.745)	0.18	0	2	92	92
Right hippocampal fissure	5.000 (−0.544 to 10.544)	0.17	NA	1	78	81
Right HATA^†	2.413 (0.958 to 3.868)	0.01	27	2	260	149

CA = cornu ammonis; CI = confidence interval; HATA = hippocampus–amygdala transition area; MDD = major depressive disorder; NA, not available.
↵* Adjusted.
↵† Statistically significant difference.