Group behavioural effects
| Scale | MBSR, mean ± SD (range) | SE, mean ± SD (range) | Baseline group differences | Main effect of time | Group × time interaction | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-intervention | Post-intervention | Pre-intervention | Post-intervention | ||||
| BDI-II | 15.56 ± 11.02 (0–48) | 11.05 ± 9.86 (0–33) | 15.37 ± 11.13 (0–43) | 10.35 ± 9.05 (0–35) | t76 = 0.11 | F1,73 = 7.22 | F1,73 = 0.17 |
| p = 0.91 | p < 0.01 | p = 0.68 | |||||
| d = 0.02 | ηp2 = 0.09 | ηp2 < 0.01 | |||||
| STAI-1 | 42.08 ± 12.20 (22–79) | 38.42 ± 10.37 (21–63) | 42.19 ± 13.34 (20–66) | 38.03 ± 12.52 (20–68) | t74 = −0.01 | F1,71 = 1.40 | F1,71 = 0.05 |
| p = 0.99 | p = 0.24 | p = 0.83 | |||||
| d = 0.01 | ηp2 = 0.02 | ηp2 < 0.01 | |||||
| STAI-2 | 47.13 ± 12.03 (22–76) | 42.26 ± 9.57 (27–67) | 46.17 ± 14.01 (22–72) | 42.25 ± 11.97 (22–66) | t74 = −0.19 | F1,71 = 4.27 | F1,71 = 0.15 |
| p = 0.85 | p = 0.04 | p = 0.70 | |||||
| d = 0.07 | ηp2 = 0.06 | ηp2 < 0.01 | |||||
| SRS-2 | 104.26 ± 34.01 (24–174) | 95.32 ± 30.66 (46–150) | 86.66 ± 32.52 (24–148) | 83.37 ± 34.62 (21–152) | t74 = −2.31 | F1,73 = 4.32 | F1,73 = 1.83 |
| p = 0.02 | p = 0.04 | p = 0.18 | |||||
| d = 0.53 | ηp2 = 0.06 | ηp2 = 20.02 | |||||
| FFMQ total score | 112.63 ± 18.56 (77–158) | 121.66 ± 19.26 (85–162) | 119.60 ± 22.90 (63–167) | 121.00 ± 21.06 (87–171) | t71 = 1.43 | F1,70 = 1.50 | F1,70 = 4.81 |
| p = 0.16 | p = 0.23 | p = 0.03 | |||||
| d = 0.33 | ηp2 = 0.02 | ηp2 = 0.06 | |||||
| FFMQ Nonjudgment subscale | 25.79 ± 7.52 (8–40) | 29.95 ± 6.25 (16–40) | 26.37 ± 6.99 (9–40) | 26.83 ± 6.03 (16–38) | t71 = 0.34 | F1,70 = 0.57 | F1,70 = 4.51 |
| p = 0.73 | p = 0.43 | p = 0.04 | |||||
| d = 0.08 | ηp2 = 0.01 | ηp2 = 0.06 | |||||
| BRIEF total score | 142.74 ± 25.66 (98–185) | 134.84 ± 28.56 (90–186) | 137.23 ± 30.03 (76–191) | 133.09 ± 31.73 (69–196) | t41 = −0.57 | F1,39 = 0.32 | F1,39 = 0.66 |
| p = 0.57 | p = 0.57 | p = 0.42 | |||||
| d = 0.20 | ηp2 < 0.01 | ηp2 = 0.02 | |||||
| BRIEF Working Memory subscale | 17.00 ± 3.79 (10–23) | 16.05 ± 4.48 (9–24) | 16.36 ± 4.01 (8–23) | 17.05 ± 4.48 (8–23) | t41 = −0.59 | F1,39 = 0.82 | F1,39 = 5.20 |
| p = 0.56 | p = 0.37 | p = 0.03 | |||||
| d = 0.17 | ηp2 = 0.02 | ηp2 = 0.12 | |||||
BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory-II; BRIEF = Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function; FFMQ = Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire; MBSR = mindfulness-based stress reduction; SD = standard deviation; SE = social support/education; SRS-2 = Social Responsiveness Scale, second edition; STAI = State–Trait Anxiety Inventory.