Demographic and neuropsychiatric assessment data
| Characteristic | AD, mean ± SD* n = 50 | Control, mean ± SD* n = 33 | p value† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 58.86 ± 5.06 | 55.82 ± 10.05 | 0.08 |
| Sex, no. male/female | 20/30 | 15/18 | 0.65 |
| Years of education | 10.90 ± 4.05 | 11.31 ± 3.47 | 0.25 |
| Duration of disease, yr | 3.56 ± 1.78 | – | – |
| MMSE | 14.69 ± 7.17 | 28.65 ± 2.07 | < 0.0001 |
| MoCA | 9.55 ± 6.39 | 26.06 ± 3.43 | < 0.0001 |
| CDR | 8.48 ± 4.25 | 0 ± 0 | < 0.0001 |
| Memory | |||
| AVLT, immediate recall | 9.23 ± 5.61 | 23.81 ± 5.59 | < 0.0001 |
| AVLT, delayed recall | 1.17 ± 2.21 | 8.79 ± 2.98 | < 0.0001 |
| Executive function | |||
| Digit Span (forward) | 6.43 ± 1.70 | 7.72 ± 1.31 | 0.0008 |
| Digit Span (backward) | 3.05 ± 1.11 | 4.90 ± 1.15 | < 0.0001 |
| TMT-A | 126.0 ± 39.54 | 50.48 ± 24.94 | < 0.0001 |
| TMT-B | 222.8 ± 96.42 | 88.44 ± 62.59 | < 0.0001 |
| TMT B–A | 119.7 ± 50.66 | 37.96 ± 45.71 | < 0.0001 |
| Stroop I | 79.25 ± 65.41 | 88.44 ± 62.59 | 0.01 |
| Stroop II | 79.17 ± 61.68 | 35.80 ± 12.42 | 0.0007 |
| Verbal Fluency Test | 7.10 ± 4.60 | 17.16 ± 3.31 | < 0.0001 |
| Language | |||
| BNT | 15.23 ± 6.94 | 24.96 ± 3.83 | < 0.0001 |
| Behavioural features | |||
| FBI | 16.67 ± 11.15 | 1.67 ± 4.08 | 0.005 |
AD = Alzheimer disease; AVLT = Auditory-Verbal Learning Test; BNT = Boston Naming Test; CDR = Clinical Dementia Rating scale; FBI = Frontal Behavior Inventory; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment; SD = standard deviation; TMT-A and -B = Trail-Making Test parts A and B.
↵* Unless indicated otherwise.
↵† Two-sided p values for continuous variables refer to unpaired t tests, and 2-sided p values for categorical variables refer to the Pearson χ2 test.