Table 2

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study sample

Characteristic	Group, mean ± SD^*			p value^†

	Healthy controls, n = 97	Depression/anxiety disorders, n = 208	Substance use disorders, n = 175
Age, yr	32.09 ± 11.10	33.74 ± 10.17	33.76 ± 8.42	0.33
Sex (male), no. (%)	38 (39.17)	51 (24.5)	68 (38.9)	0.004
PHQ score	1.23 ± 1.82	12.53 ± 5.00	6.59 ± 5.76	< 0.001
OASIS score	1.10 ± 1.62	9.65 ± 3.58	5.77 ± 4.46	< 0.001
DAST-10 score	0.19 ± 0.49	0.41 ± 0.95	7.46 ± 2.23	< 0.001
WRAT reading score	62.81 ± 5.31	62.75 ± 5.06	56.79 ± 6.78	< 0.001

DAST = Drug Abuse Screening Test; OASIS = Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale; PHQ = Patient Health Questionnaire; WRAT = Wide Range Achievement Test.
↵* Unless indicated otherwise.
↵† p values are based on ANOVAs testing for significant differences between the 3 groups.