Table 1

Participant demographic and clinical information

Characteristic	No. (%) of participants^*			p value^†

	Typically developing n = 2519	DD n = 63	ASD n = 41
Age, mo, mean ± SD	26.9 ± 1.4	26.3 ± 1.6	27.6 ± 1.1	0.914
Sex				0.037
Male	1296 (51.4)	35 (55.6)	36 (87.8)
Female	1223 (48.6)	28 (44.4)	5 (12.2)
Family history of mental disorders	11 (0.4)	3 (4.8)	1 (2.4)	0.028
Preterm birth (< 37 wk gestation)	15 (0.6)	5 (7.9)	3 (7.3)	0.016
Birth asphyxia	8 (0.3)	7 (11.1)	1 (2.4)	0.003
Paternal age, yr				0.249
< 20	3 (0.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
21–34	2135 (84.8)	55 (87.3)	33 (80.5)
> 34	381 (15.1)	8 (12.7)	8 (19.5)
Maternal age, yr				0.005
< 20	8 (0.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
21–34	2018 (80.1)	48 (76.2)	36 (87.8)
> 34	493 (19.6)	15 (23.8)	5 (12.2)
Paternal personality				0.658
Extroverted	443 (17.6)	10 (15.9)	7 (17.1)
Ambivert	1759 (69.8)	45 (71.4)	29 (70.7)
Introverted	317 (12.6)	8 (12.7)	5 (12.2)
Maternal personality				0.873
Extroverted	321 (12.7)	8 (12.7)	6 (14.6)
Ambivert	1781 (70.7)	42 (66.7)	26 (63.4)
Introverted	417 (16.6)	13 (20.6)	9 (22.0)
Major stressful life event	176 (7.0)	5 (7.9)	2 (4.9)	0.627
Paternal smoking	511 (20.3)	11 (17.5)	7 (17.1)	0.415
Maternal abortion history	243 (9.6)	6 (9.5)	5 (12.2)	0.748

ASD = autism spectrum disorder; DD = delayed development; SD = standard deviation.
↵* Unless indicated otherwise.
↵† Calculated via χ² test, except for age, for which p values were calculated via 1-way analysis of variance; values less than 0.05 considered significant.