Demographic, clinical and verbal fluency task performance characteristics of study participants at baseline
| Characteristic | Group, mean ± SD | Statistical analysis* | Post hoc statistical analysis† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHR-NR (n = 73) | CHR-R (n = 23) | Control (n = 178) | F or t or χ2 | p value | CHR-NR – CHR-R | CHR-NR – control | CHR-R – control | |
| Sex, M/F | 21/52 | 10/13 | 72/106 | 3.38 | 0.184 | – | – | – |
| Age, yr | 20.5 ± 3.8 | 19.5 ± 3.9 | 23.4 ± 4.5 | 17.2 | < 0.001 | 0.596 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| IQ | 106.0 ± 13.6 | 109.7 ± 14.9 | 111.6 ± 12.1 | 5.07 | 0.007 | 0.440 | 0.005 | 0.777 |
| Education, yr | 12.6 ± 1.9 | 12.1 ± 1.9 | 14.2 ± 1.6 | 32.69 | < 0.001 | 0.443 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Duration of follow-up, mo | 32.1 ± 23.9 | 42.8 ± 24.16 | – | −1.86 | 0.071 | – | – | – |
| SOPS | ||||||||
| Positive symptoms | 10.3 ± 3.4 | 7.9 ± 3.8 | – | 2.68 | 0.011 | – | – | – |
| Negative symptoms | 14.2 ± 5.7 | 12.1 ± 6.3 | – | 1.42 | 0.164 | – | – | – |
| Disorganization | 4.8 ± 2.5 | 3.5 ± 1.4 | – | 3.03 | 0.003 | – | – | – |
| General symptoms | 7.8 ± 3.7 | 8.0 ± 3.1 | – | −0.21 | 0.833 | – | – | – |
| GAF | 51.2 ± 7.5 | 53.0 ± 8.4 | – | −0.92 | 0.362 | – | – | – |
| Exposure to antipsychotics‡ | 5.1 ± 3.4 | 3.2 ± 2.6 | – | 2.85 | 0.006 | – | – | – |
| Verbal fluency task performance measures | ||||||||
| No. of words produced | 19.4 ± 5.5 | 21.8 ± 4.9 | 21.4 ± 4.7 | 5.13 | 0.007 | 0.091 | 0.006 | 0.936 |
| Average semantic cluster size | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 4.93 | 0.008 | 0.013 | 0.999 | 0.006 |
| Maximum semantic cluster size | 6.9 ± 2.4 | 8.3 ± 3.4 | 6.8 ± 2.2 | 4.06 | 0.018 | 0.035 | 0.974 | 0.014 |
CHR-NR = participants at clinical high risk for psychosis who did not remit; CHR-R = participants at clinical high risk for psychosis who later remitted; F = female; GAF = Global Assessment of Functioning; IQ = intelligence quotient; M = male; SD = standard deviation; SOPS = Scale of Prodromal Symptoms.
↵* Analysis of variance, independent t test or Welch t test if the variances were not equal; χ2 analysis or Fisher exact test for categorical data.
↵† Post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference adjusted p value for variables that showed significant between-group difference in analysis of variance.
↵‡ Mean olanzapine-equivalent dose of antipsychotics prescribed during follow-up.